مولانا مختار احمد ندوی
افسوس اور سخت افسوس ہے کہ راقم کے بڑے کرم فرما اور ملک کے ممتاز عالم دین مولانا مختار احمد ندوی ۹؍ ستمبر ۲۰۰۷ء کو ممبئی میں انتقال فرماگئے، ان کی تدفین دوسرے روز جوہو قبرستان میں ہوئی، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مولانا مؤ شہر کے محلہ و شوناتھ پورہ میں ۱۹۳۰ء میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، ان کے والد کو جمعیۃ اہل حدیث کے سرخیل مولانا ابوالوفا ثناء اﷲ امرتسریؒ سے بڑی عقیدت تھی اور یہ عجیب اتفاق ہے کہ راقم کے والد بھی مولانا امرتسریؒ کے بڑے عقیدت مند تھے اور اکثر ان کا گن گاتے تھے، مولانا مختار احمد کے والد چاہتے تھے کہ ان کا بیٹا بھی علم دین کی تحصیل کرکے دعوت و اشاعت دین کا کام کرے، ان کی یہ آرزو پوری ہوئی اور مولانا مختار احمد برابر دعوت و تبلیغ دین کی خدمت انجام دیتے رہے۔
مؤ میں جمعیۃ اہل حدیث کے کئی بڑے مدارس ہیں، انہوں نے جامعہ عالیہ عربیہ اور فیض عام میں تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد دارالحدیث رحمانیہ دہلی میں داخلہ لیا اور پھر دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلما سے کسب فیض کیا، کچھ عرصے بنارس میں مولانا ابوالقاسم بنارسی کی خدمت میں رہ کر صحیحین کا درس لیا، اس کے بعد وہ دین و دعوت کے کام انجام دینے میں مصروف ہوگئے، پہلے کلکتہ جاکر وہاں کی جامع مسجد اہل حدیث میں خطیب و امام کی ذمہ داری سنبھالی، ۱۹۶۷ء میں ممبئی آگئے اور مومن پورہ کی جامع مسجد اہل حدیث میں خطابت و امامت کے فرئض انجام دینے لگے، اس کے بعد بنگالی مسجد مدن پورہ کو اپنا مرکز بنایا، بعد میں صرف جمعہ کی امامت کرتے اور خطبہ دیتے تھے، خوش بیان تھے، ان کا خطبہ سننے کے لیے لوگ دور دراز سے آتے، راقم کو بھی یہاں ایک دوبار ان...
In the history of Pakistan, three military governments ruled for a quite long period. Nonetheless, they made no stable policies for the economic development of Pakistan. As a result, Pakistan could not make progress on strong foundation. Economic policies were meant for a shorter interval. Therefore, they only resulted in cosmetic change in the economy. The results of these policies were restricted to a certain class and the public suffered from the negative impact of these policies. Public welfare got secondary importance which resulted in economic inequality. Wealth circulated within a few families. In all the three reigns, no strategy was formed for the paying of external debt. On the one hand, the salvation of Pakistan was put at stake by increasing external debt and aid while on other hand, masses suffered added direct and indirect taxes. In these conditions, common man could not fulfill his basic necessities of life. Pakistan could make considerable progress, if any of the governments might have considered Islamic principles of Islam.
Safety and availability are prime factors for nuclear power plant operation. Safe operation requires a well-built backup of safety systems for saving plant capital cost, environment and the public. The backup system is maintained with the use of active and passive safety systems in the form of engineered safety features. Traditionally, active safety systems have been utilized for counteracting accidental conditions. These systems require proper and timely operator actions, which is some time misleading. Now a day, passive safety systems are becoming more popular due to their dependence on forces of nature for operation and actuation. Passive operations include, under gravity flow, natural recirculation of fluid and nitrogen gas pressure. For such type of systems, when certain conditions are met and the passive operation is started automatically. Therefore, world nuclear community has started using passive safety systems in the present nuclear power plant technology due to the simplicity in operation, maintenance and safety enhancement. This thesis concentrates on the augmentation of passive safety features in small scale pressurized water reactor design. The research was started with the study and simulation of a small scale reference power plant. The scope of simulation includes safety systems including necessary nuclear and conventional island. The individual process systems and related electrical systems are simulated and integrated within the frame work of their respective instrumentation and control to form a standalone simulated model for a reference power plant. Using this model, design basis accident has been modeled and the response of the safety systems together with related primary systems has been observed. Satisfactory results have been experienced in this regard. The research was extended by designing and simulating a passive safety injection system. This proposed system consists of many passive components and functions in place of an existing safety injection system for mitigating loss of coolant accidental condition. The use of proposed passive system has been suggested only for intermediate type pipe breaks because for small breaks, the depressurization is slow and only high pressure charging system is utilized whereas for larger breaks, the depressurization is very fast and low pressure safety injection system is actuated rapidly. Therefore, in a simulation test run this proposed system has been tested and verified for intermediate coolant loss accident. It has been found that the response of the proposed passive system is satisfactory and it keeps all necessary safety parameters within range. Through this research, it is concluded that the proposed passive system could be a potential candidate for handling intermediate type breaks representing loss of coolant accidents in small scale pressurized water reactors. For other accidental conditions of the plant like steam generator tubes rupture and steam line break, the use of conventional way of accidental management has been suggested. Keywords: Advance NPP, Passive safety, Analysis, LOCA, Reliability