حدود التفسير الموضوعي

This study deals with the limitations of thematic exegesis of the Qur’ān. The main place where exegesis of the Qur’ān can be found remains the commentaries. In the majority of cases such commentaries start from the beginning of the first sūrah. In order to acknowledge the inputs and outputs in the Qur’ānic studies; explanation of the literary aspects of the verse, an account of its background and occasionally an interpretation of it with the help of another verse will be reviewed in this paper. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, scientists’ quotes will be critically examined.

The Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions on Risk Reduction, Profitability, Efficiency and Growth of Banking Sector of Pakistan

This specific study has been conducted with the aim to highlight and describe the effects of mergers and acquisitions on risk reductions, profitability, efficiency and growth of banking sector of Pakistan. Ten banks operating in Pakistan having observed merger or acquisition transaction including Faysal Bank, United Bank Limited, JS Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, NIB Bank, KASB Bank, MCB Bank, Habib Metropolitan Bank, Habib Bank and Bank Alfalah have been taken as a sample. The financial analysis has been made with the help of financial ratios before and after merger or acquisition transaction to analyze the effects of the M&A activities. The paired sample T-test has been employed to verify the difference of performance of merging and acquiring banks before and after M&A transactions. It has been found out from the results of this study that merger and acquisition transactions have no significant effects upon risk reduction, profitability, efficiency and growth of banking sector of Pakistan which is consistent to the several prevailing studies.