اعزازات:
ناطق کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ’’بے یقین بستیوں میں‘‘رسالہ’’آج‘‘ میں کراچی سے 2010ء میں شائع ہوا۔ان کی نظموں کو بہت سراہا گیااس لیے اس مجموعہ کو ’’یو بی ایل‘‘اعزاز کیلئے بھی نامزد کیا گیا۔ان کا پہلا افسانوی مجموعہ ’’قائم دین‘‘ آکسفورڈ سے چھپااور نثر میں ان کے اس پہلے افسانوی مجموعے کو ’’یوبی ایل‘‘ایوارڈ سے نوازا گیا۔
Artificial insemination is a means of attaining pregnancy not involving sexual intercourse. A couple having trouble getting pregnant can benefit from the exact timing and placement of the sperm. It can overcome instances where a woman's immune system can reject her partner's sperm as invading molecules. In the case of an impotent male, donor sperm may be used. It is also a means for a woman to conceive when two women wish to parent a child, or a single woman does not have a male partner, when she does not want a male partner, or when a male partner's physical limitation impedes his ability to impregnate her by sexual intercourse. A relationship in which one woman bears and gives birth to a child for a person or a couple who then adopts or takes legal custody of the child; called Surrogate Motherhood. In surrogate motherhood, one woman acts as a surrogate, or replacement, mother for another woman, sometimes called the intended mother, who either cannot produce fertile eggs or cannot carry a pregnancy through to birth, or term. Surrogate mothering phenomena is prevailing all over the world now days especially in America and European countries. The first recognized surrogate mother arrangement was made in 1976. Surrogate mothering is also introducing in Islam in some extend but Islam has its own laws regarding each and every problem of life. This Article is a summary of all positive and negative aspects of said issue and a critical analysis of its implications according to the Islamic injunctions in modern era.
The mixed and inconsistent findings on corporate social responsibility and organizational performance (CSR-OP) relationship have exposed the universal approach as tenuous and questionable. Scholars argued that all CSR initiatives of all the organizations, all the time cannot be rewarded and they suggested contingency approach to determine under which conditions CSR could come along with benefits. Researchers suggested the use of moderating variables to control the ambiguity surrounding CSR-OP relationship. Stakeholder theory underpins this research. This study tested the direct effect of aggregate and segregated CSR on organization’s financial and non-financial performance. It also investigated the moderating effects of responsible leadership and corporate governance on the relationship between CSR and organization’s financial and non-financial performance. Data in this study were collected from managers of 361 public listed companies in manufacturing sector of Pakistan and 179 valid responses were analyzed. This study used SEM path analysis to test the hypotheses. Results regarding the direct effects of aggregate and segregated CSR revealed that CSR significantly influenced organization’s financial and non-financial performance. The results revealed that CSR towards employees has a stronger impact on organization’s financial and non-financial performance. Moreover, findings reflected that responsible leadership and corporate governance both significantly moderated organization’s financial and non-financial performance. However, good corporate governance strengthened CSR-OP relationship whereas responsible leadership weakened this association. This research theoretically contributes to CSR stream of research. This study has strong implications for business organizations, their managers and other disparate stakeholders. In summary, findings of the study suggest that stakeholder perspective of CSR is a win-win situation for organizations and their disparate stakeholders.