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Evaluation of the Performance of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Abr under Psychrophilic Conditions for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Thesis Info

Author

Nadia Khan

Department

Department of Microbiology, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

v, 91

Subject

Microbiology

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS / M.Phil / BIO / 5128

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676717579755

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غزل

جبر پر جو کتاب لکھوں گا
پیار میں انتخاب لکھوں گا  
بے بسی دیکھ کر میری تو نے
درد کو لذتوں کا رنگ دے کر
حکم آیا غبار راہ ہو جا
ہر ادا خود میں سمو لیتا ہے
پھرے اویس آزردہ و آوارہ سا

 

صرف تم ،انتساب لکھوں گا
تیری ایک ایک بات لکھوں گا
جو  کیا  احتساب  لکھوں گا
وہی ہے امر خواب لکھوں گا
بند قسمت کا باب لکھوں گا
شیشہ بے حجاب لکھوں گا
ہونگے وہ بھی بیتاب لکھوں گا

عظیم شخصیات کے اوصاف وخصائص: سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

Great lineage, good manners, trustworthiness, sincerity, courage and bravery, obedience, generosity, modesty, humility, thankfulness, absolute trust in Allah, education and upbringing, affection and compassion towards the elderly, the youth, slaves and animals, the regard for truth, the endurance and patience etc. Are such features that at them neither was the match for the Holy Master (saw) born, nor will any such person be ever born. In addition, let alone friends, his enemies were helpless to hold him as-Sadiq (the Truthful) and al-Ameen (the Trustworthy) due to these and many other great attributes; and they would say: Muhammad is not a liar at all, but we can’t believe in him as a prophet sent by Allah. Moreover, even a non-Muslim or polytheist has never criticized his character to this day, nor will anybody do till the judgment day. Whenever the greatest personalities of the world were listed or somebody committed to writing on the said topic, the Holy Prophet (saw) remained at the top of the list. Drawing of the swords of father and son against each other, the change of the standard of friendship and enmity, fighting of master and his slave against each other, chanting the slogan of Ahad-Ahad (the only One, the only One) on the blazing sand, giving priority to martyrdom over the utterance of a word of unbelief, taking a husband away from his wife and separating a mother from her infant, deforming the condition after a blasphemous blow on the blessed face, forced migration to Habsha (Abyssinia) at times, and laying siege to Shb-e-Abi Talib (the valley of Abi Talib) at times.

Crisis of Democracy in Pakistan: Role of Leadership and Systemic Factors 1988-1999

Pakistan suffered from the crisis of democracy many times. Its history stands witness to the frequent dissolution of assemblies before the completion of their respective constitutional terms, the intermittent breakdown of the constitutions, take-over of military, disintegration and perpetual bad governance. The study attempts to unfold the rivalries behind the crisis of democracy that did not allow democracy to take roots in the period 1988 to 1999. It seeks to analyze that how the role of leadership both in government and in opposition through their mutual rivalries for political and economic gains generated a wave of political crisis that in turn gave birth to the crisis of democracy in the period and to what extent systemic factors played their role in deepening the crisis of democracy during 1990s. The state of affairs, in the period 1990s, was the result of the leadership and their personal gains and losses as well as of systemic factors out of their rivalries that made democracy suffered. The study attempted to analyze the role of leadership in the persons of Benazir and of Nawaz Sharif in their respective terms in office as the head of the government and the head of the opposition that how they played their role in the crisis of democracy in the period under study as well as the role of the President in the persons of Ghulam Ishaq Khan, of Farooq Ahmed Khan, and of General Pervaiz Musharruf. There were existed certain kinds of rivalries among them that was repeated and escalated and created crisis that gave way to an integrated group of elites to play their role in deepening the crises. Consequently, democracy was suffered in the period 1988-99. Systemic factors were an integrated group of elites that influenced the political system of Pakistan and played their role in deepening the crisis of democracy in the period. The group consisted of elites both political and non-political and played a decisive role in the crisis. Besides, it was a perpetual and manipulating factor in the crisis and worked as a group. The group collaborated with the man at the helm based on similar interests against the common rival. It was heterogeneous in the making consisting of political-religious-civil military-judicial elites. It remained united throughout the decade of democracy and played their role in deepening the crises. Consequently, democracy suffered from crisis in the period 1988-99. The popular and semi-academic discussion regarding civil- military tension and crisis of democracy generally lead to a conclusion that the institution of military is the main cause and politicians are the main victims in the derailment of democracy. Whereas the researcher finds himself in partial agreement with the above stated conclusion, his research has concluded the complex process of power struggle and internal rivalries among the power elites. Based on rigors study of these processes, his thesis conclusion is that mutual rivalries among the power elites both systemic factor and leadership against each other result into the derailment of democracy Besides, the research is qualitative and descriptive-analytical method is used to analyze the data collected. Moreover, power elite theory is applied to substantiate the study as Pakistan is in the grip of power elites that incorporate all kind of elites related with power in the state. Moreover, the researcher has used primary and secondary methods for the collection of data.