25. Al-Furqan/The Criterion
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
25:01
Blessed is the One WHO has sent down The Criterion on to HIS Servant,
so that he may be a warner to humankind - to all conscious beings against the consequences of its disobedience.
25:02
It is HE to WHOM belongs the Sovereignty over the celestial realm and the terrestrial world.
And HE has never taken to HIMSELF a son/child,
nor has HE any partner in the Sovereignty.
HE created/creates everything and measured/measures their proportion exactly.
25:03
Yet they have taken to worship entities other than HIM -
those entities cannot create anything, while they are themselves created, and
they have no power to harm or benefit anyone, not even to themselves, and
they have no power over death, nor over life, nor over raising the dead to life - the Resurrection.
25:04
And those who disbelieve allege:
‘This - the Qur’an – is nothing but a fabrication.
He - Muhammad - has forged it, and some other people helped him with it.’
In fact, by alleging this they have done great injustice and committed a great blunder and
a perjury.
25:05
And they also allege:
These are just ‘ancient tales!’
He has had them written down,
and these are dictated to him by morning and evening in order to memorize and then narrate it further.
25:06
Say O The Prophet:
‘This - Qur’an - is being sent down onto me - by the One WHO Knows the secrets of the celestial realm and the terrestrial world.
Surely,...
The first ever educational institute established by the Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) at Masjid al-Nabawī was known as “al-Ṣuffah”. In the present world, both the Islamic religious institutes (Madāris) and the secular educational institutes can play a vital role for the promotion of peace in the society. In the perspective of the subcontinent, both, the Dāru’l ‘Ulūm Deoband and the ‘Alī Gaṛh University produced peace loving people, who later achieved freedom for the Muslims of south Asia. The Pakistani secular schools are mostly peace loving. They are producing human resources, which are ruling and serving the country. On the other hand, the religious schools have become the hub of religious extremism. However, such fanatics are found in both the educational systems. Learn to (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet our of Sunnah the follow to need We the lesson of peace from the examples of the conquest of Makkah, the battle of the trench and from Mīthāq al-Madīnah and many other. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the by peace for taken steps
Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic infection caused by a coccidian protozoan Toxoplasma gondii which affects a wide range of hosts including humans, all other mammals and birds. The main route of transmission to herbivorous animals is through ingestion of sporulated oocysts. However the infection can also be transmitted to carnivorous or omnivorous hosts via consumption of tissue cysts present in meat. Wild and domestic cats are the principal reservoir where oocysts are produced during sexual phase of lifecycle. The infection is considered nonexistent or rare without cats. Livestock animals when infected during pregnancy are suffered from parasitemia which can infect placenta and fetus that ultimately results in fetal resorption, miscarriage, death or mummification. Apart from being hazardous to livestock animals the T. gondii infection is also important due to its zoonotic implications. Congenital abnormalities in humans such as microcephaly, hydrocephaly, chorioretinitis, convulsion, cerebral calcification, epilepsy, blindness, deafness and mental retardation may occur if the mother acquires infection during pregnancy. Apart from congenital anomalies, T. gondii also causes severe neuropathologic infections in immunocompromised hosts such as AIDS patients and the patients of cancer undergone chemotherapy. Current study was designed to workout the sero- epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes, cats, dogs and humans in northern parts of Pakistan because no such work previously exists in the country. For this purpose serum samples from 413 sheep, 419 goats, 400 cattle, 422 buffaloes, 408 dogs, 420 cats and 1659 humans were screened for presence or absence of Toxoplasma-specific IgG and IgM antibodies by using enzyme-linkedxxiii immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additional data related to various possible risk factors in all the studied hosts was obtained on questionnaire by surveys and interviews. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied to associate the infection with possible risk factors. Overall prevalence of infection was 18.16 percent in sheep (75/413), 14.32 percent (60/419) in goats, 19.75 percent (79/400) in cattle, 15.17 percent (64/422) in buffaloes, 28.43 percent (116/408) in dogs, 26.43 percent (111/420) in cats and 20.37 (338/1659) in humans. Seroprevalence did not vary significantly in all hosts in four districts. A steady increase in seroprevalence was observed in all hosts with increasing age. Prevalence was high in female sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes as compared to males. No difference of seroprevalence in different breeds of livestock was observed except Salt Range (P<0.05, OR=5.51) sheep which showed more than five fold high prevalence as compared to other breeds of sheep. Risk factors which were significantly associated with T. gondii infection in livestock animals were poor hygienic conditions (all livestock species), outdoor water sources (goats), presence of cats in vicinity (all livestock species), extensive management system (all livestock species), pregnancy (sheep and buffaloes) and large herd size (sheep and goats). In cats and dogs seroprevalence was also high in animals older than one year. Risk factors which significantly associated with T. gondii infection in pet animals were rural area (dogs) and excess to outside (cats and dogs). Seroprevalence also increased with age in humans and was also high in females. Risk factors which were significantly associated with seroprevalence were occupation, low level of education (P<0.05, OR=2.32), consumption of mutton, outdoor water sources (P<0.05, OR=1.97), high meat eating frequency (P<0.05, OR=2.73), preference forxxiv undercooked meat (P<0.05, OR=2.11), availability of cats in surroundings (P<0.05, OR=1.42), soil exposure (P<0.05, OR=1.82), pregnancies (P<0.05, OR=7.60) and abortions (P<0.05, OR=5.00). T. gondii infection was high in post rainy seasons with high temperature, abundant rainfall and high percentage of relative humidity. The results from present study show that T. gondii infection is widespread in all the possible hosts in Pakistan and have important application for livestock industry and public health.