دہر کی نفرتوں کا ستایا ہوں میں
جستجو ہے مجھے الفت و مہر کی
ایک یوٹوپیائی جہاں ہو جہاں
فاختہ کا نشیمن سلامت رہے
اس کی پرواز پر کوئی پہرہ نہ ہو
ہر سو چاہت کے، احساس کے گل کھلیں
امن کا گیت گائیں جہاں پر سبھی
میری تو منزلِ شوق ہے بس یہی
The Indian soft power image in Afghanistan and strategic partnership between the two countries has become a great challenge for Pakistan political and security forces. India wants to prevent Pakistan from regaining “preponderant” influence in present day Afghanistan, and in this context, the paper discusses the history of troubled Pakistan-Afghanistan and Pakistan-India relations. The paper will present a comprehensive analysis on why Afghanistan is strategically important for Pakistan, how it affects Pak-Afghan relations, and how it provided India an opportunity to limit Pakistan’s role in Afghanistan? India’s idea of encircling Pakistan from east and west is a factor the importance of which India understood and used to her gain in 1971 East Pakistani crisis. Pakistan’s idea of ‘strategic depth’ can be understood as a lesson learnt from India’s two-frontier strategy against Pakistan. The paper suggests that Pakistan does not need strategic depth any more. On the contrary, it needs stable, mature and good neighbors so that both countries can come out of standoff. In this way Pakistan could become a partner in a wide range of areas from security to economic and social sectors.
We investigate the head-on and overtaking collision of two, two-sided double and two-sided triple solitons, in electrostatic and electromagnetic plasmas in this thesis. We considered quasi-elastic head-on collision between two oppositely propagating dust ion acoustic (DIA) solitary waves, in a nonmagnetized plasma composed of adiabatic ions, stationary dust charged concentration and inertialess kappa distributed electrons. We linearly analyse the DIA waves and derive the relation. We examined the head-on collision between two oblique opposite travelling DIA solitons in collisionless magnetized plasmas. To deduced the two sided Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations, their corresponding trajectories and phase shifts for unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas the the extended Poincar´e-Lighthill-Kuo (PLK) method has been used. For a critical case, we derived modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equations, trajectories and phase shifts for a negative dust charged concentration. We numerically analyse the results. By using two fluid model composed of warm electrons and cold ions we considered the interaction between two magnetoacoustic solitons. The dispersion effects appears through electron skin depth. The KdV equations and phase shifts has been derived for the two oppositely moving magnetoacoustic solitons. The head-on and overtaking collision between two, two-sided double and two-sided triple magnetoacoustic oppositely moving solitons has been reported in electron-positron plasmas. For the overtaking collision the Hirota bilinear method has been employed to derived the collision of multiple solitons. The KdV equations and phase shifts due to both collision are derived. It is found that magnetoacoustic compressive solitons are formed. The interaction of kinetic Alfv´en (KA) solitons in electron-ion low β plasma with kappa distributed electron has been examined. For the collision at an angle of 180◦, two sided KdV equations and their corresponding phase shifts has been derived under the condition of secularity. We further investigated the interaction of four and six KA solitons, it is observed that sub-Alfv´enic compressive solitons are exist.