مولانا محمد جعفر شاہ پھلواروی
مولانا محمد جعفر شاہ، پھلواروی شریف(بہار)کے ایک نامی گرامی خانوادۂ علم و تصوف کے چشم وچراغ تھے، ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ میں تعلیم پائی تھی، فراغت کے بعد ادھر اُدھر رہے۔ آخرپاکستان گورنمنٹ کی سرپرستی میں لاہور میں ادارۂ ثقافت اسلامیہ قائم ہوا تومولانا اس سے ایسے وابستہ ہوئے کہ عمر وہیں گزار دی۔ اس دور میں انھوں نے’’المعارف‘‘میں مقالات لکھے اور متعدد اہم اورفکرانگیز کتابیں بھی تصنیف کیں۔ ان کی کتاب’’اسلام اورموسیقی‘‘اورمسائل اجتہادیہ پربعض حلقوں میں کافی شورش ہوئی لیکن مرحوم کے موقف میں کوئی تبدیلی پیدا نہیں ہوئی۔ان کی علمی استعداد پختہ تھی، مطالعہ وسیع تھا، طبیعت غوروفکر کی عادی تھی اور ان کا جوہر ذہانت وطباعی خداداد اورفطری تھا۔۱۹۶۹ء اور۱۹۷۶ء میں ان سے لاہور میں متعدد ملاقاتیں ہوئیں، جب کبھی ملے توبڑے تپاک اورمحبت سے ملے، ایک مرتبہ گھر پر مدعو بھی کیا۔ میں نے ہمیشہ یہ محسوس کیا کہ مرحوم اپنی تحریروں کے آئینہ میں جس قدر آزاد خیال نظرآتے ہیں، عقیدہ و عمل اوراخلاق وشمائل کے اعتبار سے اسی درجہ کے پکے اورسچے مسلمان اور عالم باعمل تھے۔ ادارۂ ثقافت اسلامیہ لاہور سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد وہ لاہور سے کراچی میں سکونت پذیر اورگوشہ نشین ہوگئے تھے۔اللھم اغفرلھماوارحمھما [جولائی۱۹۸۲ء]
Pakistan and Iran are neighboring countries that have longstanding historical ties. However, there is little research available about Pakistan-Iran energy trade relations, especially with respect to the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline. This research is based on primary data collected through qualitative interviews with key policymakers, academicians, and social activists, from Australia, India, Pakistan, and the United States. Based on the analysis of the data, this paper argues that there are risks involved for Pakistan in either honoring United States’ sanctions on Iran or bypassing them. In the former, Pakistan is incurring a huge cost in terms of delayed energy import from Iran while in the latter Pakistan, its officials, and its relevant organizations may face heavy sanctions by the United States. The study concludes that Pakistan must adopt a safer policy to pursue energy import from Iran while conducting good relations with both U.S. And Iran. The participation of India in the Iran-Pakistan energy project can increase the likelihood of its success.
In last two decades vanadium coordination chemistry has grasp the interest of chemists due to its importance from catalysis and medicinal point of view. Vanadium plays significant role in different biological systems, actively serving in vanadium dependent haloperoxidase and nitrogenase enzymes. It also exhibits insulin-mimetic (anti-diabetic) activity. The present study is carried out in order to synthesize new vanadium (V) complexes with N and O donor hydrazide ligands and reveal their biological importance in terms of antioxidant activities and different enzyme inhibition activities. On the basis of spectral, elemental and physical data, synthesized vanadium (V) complexes are tentatively assigned to have an octahedral geometry with two hydrazide ligands and two oxo groups forming a negatively charged sphere complex with ammonium as counter ion. This is further verified by the conductivity studies of the complexes. In synthesized vanadium (V) complexes hydrazides act as bidentate ligands and are found to be attached with O of C=O and N of NH2, and these attachments are evident from IR and NMR spectra of these complexes. The inhibitory potential of vanadium (V) complexes of hydrazides against oxidative enzymes including xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase is determined. In addition, non-enzymatic radical scavenging activities of these complexes were also determined. Results show that hydrazide ligands (1-12) and their respective vanadium (V) complexes (1c-12c) posses scavenging and inhibition potential against DPPH and lipoxygenase, respectively. However, contrary to that uncoordinated ligands showed no activity against nitric oxide, superoxide and xanthine oxidase whereas their complexes showed varying degree of activity. It is interesting that V(V) complexes are more active for all enzymatic and radical scavenging studies reported here except for lipoxygenase enzyme which demonstrates the difference in the interaction of metal complexes with metalloenzymes. Furthermore enzyme inhibition potential of all the synthesized ligands, metal salt and vanadium (V) hydrazide complexes has also evaluated against tyrosinase, urease and carbonic anhydrase enzymes. Results obtained during the course of this study reveal that hydrazide ligands show moderate inhibition against tyrosinase, but found to be inactive against urease and carbonic anhydrase enzymes. Vanadium (V) hydrazide complexes show variable degree i.e. excellent, moderate to weak activity against all of these studied enzymes. These studies indicate that geometry of complex, nature and position of substituent groups play a vital role in scavenging and inhibition potential of these compounds and demonstrate the difference in the interaction of metal complexes with metalloenzymes. Further pharmacological and toxicological studies are required to evaluate the bioactive vanadium complexes to find out their potential for use as drugs.