پروفیسر اصغر علی فیضی
پروفیسر فیضی آکسفورڈ کے اعلیٰ تعلیم یافتہ تھے ان کااصل مضمون قانون تھا، مشرقی علوم وفنون میں بھی ان کودسترس تھی۔اسلامی قانون پران کی کتابیں حوالہ کی کتاب (Book of Reference)کی حیثیت رکھتی ہیں۔ عرصہ تک لاء کالج بمبئی کے پرنسپل رہے، انڈیا کے مصراور شام میں بھی سفیر رہے اورکشمیر یونیورسٹی کے وائس چانسلر بھی ہوئے۔ وزیٹنگ پروفیسر کی حیثیت سے کینیڈا، یورپ اورامریکہ کی متعدد یونیورسٹیوں میں لکچر دیے۔برہان کے خریدار شروع سے تھے اوراس کی بڑی قدر کرتے تھے، برہان کا کوئی مقالہ یانظرات ان کوزیادہ پسند آتاتھا تواس کی داد تحریراً دیتے تھے۔عرصہ سے ان کاکوئی خط نہیں آیاتھا۔بعض خانگی معاملات اورمسلسل ضعف وعلالت کے باعث سخت پریشان تھے۔ اب اچانک اخبارات میں ان کے انتقال کی خبر نظر سے گزری تودیرینہ تعلق کے باعث سخت صدمہ اورافسوس ہوا۔ اللھم اغفرلھما وارحمھما۔ [نومبر۱۹۸۱ء]
The system of accountability is essential for the stability and development of any state. The department of accountability helps the Govt to evaluate the performance of its officer in order to block the way of corruption, dishonesty, and misuse of powers. Holy Prophet (ﷺ) introduced a new department for accountability and said that his pledge is the best time for accountability and named his era khayr-ul-quroon. These departments are legislators, judiciary, and administration. The institutions of accountability are summoned today as the Accountability Bureau. The aim of these institutions was to do work for the welfare of mankind and save humanity from the oppression of human beings. At an early age, these institutions were nominated as Dewan al-Ahtsab, Dewan- al-Mazloum. In Khilafat Rashida, many institutions were built on these concepts, and the Muslim ruler who came after them gave a complete system of Accountability. Later on, the names of these institutions were changed, but the aims of these institutions remained the same. This article explains the establishment of different types of accountability institutions in the era of the Holy Prophetﷺ and His companions and their function.
Sir Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal was an ideologist, a poet-philosopher and a spiritualist personality who was a
strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilization. He had solid comprehension in many
knowledge domains. Allama Iqbal expressed his opinion on politics, economics, history, nationalism, philosophy,
religion, revival of Muslim life and the universal brotherhood of Islam in scholastic manner. He used poetry,
literature and lectures as his medium of expression. In this practice, he developed verbal and written skills in
different languages. So these aspects of Allama Iqbal's life are the main theme of my thesis. Although Iqbal did
the maximum of his poetry and literary work in Persian and Urdu but he could also read, write and speak other
languages. His potential in understandings of Arabic, English, German, Hindi and Sanskrit along with the Persian
and Urdu have been elucidated in first chapter. Being a great scholar, he had a special aptitude for imparting his
own literary taste in reviving the Islamic culture in Muslim Ummah.
In second chapter, focus is on how much Allama Iqbal was related to the domain of justice and law. Dr Allama
Iqbal acquired the law education in formal manner from renowned institutions. He practiced as lawyer and
established his reputation as professional prosecutor.
Political life of Allama Iqbal has been addressed in third chapter. His contributions in Indian politics have been
highlighted. Allama's political activities though primarily concentrated on Indian Muslims but he did express his
concerns for political issues of Muslim Ummah. He was extremely desirous of secure political and social life for
all Muslims. In fourth chapter, Allama Iqbal's understanding of the different economical system has been
elaborated with special emphasis on Capitalism vis-a-vis Communalism. However Allama Iqbal has been close to
principal working of communalism but he was impressed with Islamic system of economics which he
communicated in his book "Ilm-ul-Iqtassadiyat". In fifth chapter, Allama Iqbal as a scholastic philosopher
(Mutakkalim — Mahir-e-Ilm-ul-Kalam) scholar has been portrayed. He tried to interpret Islam in such a way as
to show that religious doctrines are in perfect harmony with the established rational philosophies. He was well
aware of different philosophical ideologies of the world. However, he extended his taste for Greek philosophy but
he strictly adhered to Islamic philosophy.
His PhD dissertation "Development of Meta Physics in Persia" speaks of his philosophical orientation. Allama
Iqbal was well acquainted with the historical events of the world. In sixth chapter Allama Iqbal's efforts for finding
out the reasons for the rise and fall of the Muslim nation have been discussed. He illuminated the magnificent era
of Muslims' ancestors and urged the Muslim community to reinstate their lost glorious time. In seventh chapter,
the Allama Iqbal's association for Islam in comparison with other prominent religions of the world has been
spelled out. Allama had the capability to share and compare his Islamic thoughts with other divine and earthly
religion. He also delivered lectures/speeches for highlighting the Islamic way of life. He emphasized the world to
adopt the Islamic values if they are desirous of peace and harmony.
In the last chapter, all the topics, discussed in this complete thesis have been summarized with their significance.