خلافت اور جمہوریت نتائج و عواقب عصر حاضر کے تناظر میں

Islām is a complete code of life. Man is the vicegerent and representative of Allāh. The role of vicegerent and caliphate can only be fulfilled in a complete manner, when the system of the Islamic Caliphate is established. It is the duty of Muslims to endeavor for establishing such a system in the world. The caliphate is the political title of Islām. It is, actually, the sovereignty of Almighty God on the earth. God creates its sovereignty by selecting the pious people from the humankind. With the help of Caliphate, unity, strength and equality can be established in the Muslim world. Democracy is the system of government, which is based on the wishes of the majority of the people of a state. However, the real democracy is the one in which wishes of people are directly or indirectly catered. An ideal democracy is the one in which all affairs of the country are run with the consultation of all the people. If the affairs of any state are run by the majority of the people, then that state will move towards its destruction. Allāh says, “O Muhammad.. ! If you obey most of the dwellers of the earth they will lead you astray from Allah’s way. ” The affairs of the Islamic state must not run by the wishes of the majority nor the minority of the people, but, on the values of truth and justice. The author of this paper presents a critical and comparative study of the Islamic Caliphate and democracy, and concludes that it is the Caliphate and not democracy, which is the true Islamic system of government.

Exploring the Metaphoric Notions of Educational Leadership in the Poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai

This research seeks to examine the various metaphors used in the poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai to signify notions of leadership. In this regard, this research has unpacked some meanings about the notions of leadership and has attempted to contribute to the current literature on Educational Leadership and Management. For this purpose, the has study adopted a qualitative research paradigm in order to explore the metaphors and the associated meanings through doing a textual analysis of the poetic texts by the Bhitai, followed by semi-structured interviews of the experts who have researched on the life and works of Bhitai. In this respect, four experts were identified (based on purposive sampling method). The analysis has focused on the interplay of the data related to the textually generated meanings and the scholastic comments. The overall interpretation of the poetry informs that the poetry of Bhitai has a great potential to describe the metaphors of leadership. The findings of the study illustrate key metaphors used to signify notions of leadership such as; leadership as a journey, a process of personal power, empowerment, inspiration and personal development. These metaphors convey Bhaitai's ideas about nature and qualities of leadership which in turn have the potential to influence current notions and practices of leadership in general as well as in education in particular. Some of the qualities that emerge from the metaphors convey meanings such as; concept of struggle, power of longing in achieving one's goals and importance of being reflexive. The whole research process informs about the power of metaphors to unpack the varied meanings of leadership.