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Home > Phylogenetic Analysis of Plasmodium Vivax from Clinical Isolates of Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Azad Kashmir

Phylogenetic Analysis of Plasmodium Vivax from Clinical Isolates of Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Azad Kashmir

Thesis Info

Author

Nargis Shaheen

Department

Department of Animal Sciences, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xiii,80

Subject

Animal Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: Diss / M.Phil / BIO /3997

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676717655816

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سوانح

سوانح تصانیف فکروفن انتخابِ کلام
ان موضوعات کی روشنی میں مونوگراف کا مطالعہ کرتے ہیں اور اقبال تک پہنچنے کی کوشش
کرتے ہیں۔
سوانح
اقبال کو سمجھنے کے لیے اقبال کی شاعری کو سمجھنا ضروری ہے۔ اقبال کی شاعری کو بہت شہرت ملی ۔ اقبال کی بدولت اردو زبان و ادب کو بھی بلند مقام حاصل ہوا۔ بہت کی زبانوں میں کلام اقبال کے تراجم بھی ہوئے ۔پروفیسر عبد الحق نے تو اپنے مونوگراف میں یہاں تک کا ہے کہ ایک ہزار سال کی علمی تاریخ میں اقبال جیسا مفکر پیدا نہیں ہوا اور اس شعر کو اقبال ہی سے منسوب کیا ہے۔
ہزاروں سال نرگس اپنی بے نوری پہ روتی ہے
بڑی مشکل سے ہوتا ہے چمن میں دیدہ ور پیدا (26)
اقبال 9 نومبر 1877ء کو پنجاب کے شہر سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ لاہور پنجاب کا دار الخلافہ ہے اور سیالکوٹ لاہور کے قریب ہے۔ سیالکوٹ میں اقبال کے بعد دوسرے عظیم شاعر فیض احمد فیض نے سیالکوٹ میں جنم لیا۔ فیض نے اقبال کو منظوم خراج عقیدت پیش کیا ہے۔
اقبال کے بزرگ کشمیر سے آکر سیالکوٹ میں آباد ہوئے تھے وہ کشمیری برہمن تھے ۔ ان کی گوتھ سپر د تھی۔ پنڈت جواہر لعل نہرو بھی سپرو برہمن تھے۔ اقبال نے اپنی شاعری میں اپنے برہمنی سلسلے کا ذکر بھی کیا ہے۔ اقبال کے جد امجد بعد میں مشرف بہ اسلام ہوئے۔ کئی بار حج کیے۔ چرار شریف میں مدفون ہیں۔ شیخ اکبر، اقبال کے پڑدادا تھے۔
یہ بھی کسی بزرگ کے مرید تھے۔ یہ آکر پنجاب ٹھہرے تھے۔ ان کے بیٹے شیخ محمد رفیق نے سیالکوٹ میں رہائش اختیار کی۔ یہ اقبال کے دادا تھے اور اقبال کے والد نور محمد 1837ءمیں سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے ۔ دھسوں اور لوئیوں کا کاروبار کیا۔ قرآن کریم کے مطالعہ سے شغف رکھا۔ ابن عربی...

سیرت النبی اور ذرائع ابلاغ

"The word "Ablagh" means to convey, to transfer, to communicate the term "Tableegh "is derived from this word. In the Holy Quran the words like "Tableegh" "Da’wa" "Inzar" and "Tabsheer" have been used for communication purpose. "Tableegh" means to persuade someone for the good deeds and prohibit him from the bad forbidden things. Tableegh is a process in which someone is invited sincerely towards an noble cause. In the Holy Quran Tableegh has been declared "Farz"(something which all the followers are supposed to do as binding) for all the Muslims. In the modern era the ways of communication are enormous and varied. The most important are the electronic and print media. Television, computer and radio, on the one hand and books, magazines and the newspapers on the other hand, play their respective role. Recently internet has emerged as the most important organ to address the people. Hence these current modes of communication should be reviewed according to the Seerah ofthe Holy Prophet (P. B. U. H) .

Comparison Between Chemosensitive and Chemoresistant Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in Term of Gene Expression of Selected Molecules Involved in Activation Transportation, Action and Metabolism of Ara-C and Anthracyclines

INTRODUCTION: Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is the malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells belonging to myeloid series in bone marrow. It is an acute emergency and is fatal if not treated. Chemotherapy is the main treatment offered to AML patients. But persistent remission rate is not impressive. Although patients could be stratified into high, intermediate and low risk based on the karyotyping and cytogenetic abnormalities, there are patients in all risk groups who either remain resistant or relapse later in life. The sensitivity and resistance of a tumor cell may be related to the mechanisms that are involved in drug transportation, metabolism, and interaction with its target or efflux processes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of gene expression of membrane transporters for drugs hENT1, MDR1, MRP2 and LRP, drug metabolizing enzymes dCK, CDA and dCMPD, drug target molecule topoisomerase IIa as well as the apoptotic pathway regulatory proteins Bax and Bcl-2 with the outcome of chemotherapy comprised of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), and daunorubicin (anthracycline group) in AML patients. METHODS: Bone marrow or blood or both were collected from 90 AML patients enrolled in this study during September 2011 to April 2017. Gene expression for the above mentioned genes was analyzed through real time or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Patients were labelled resistant or responsive based on complete remission (CR). Patients were also labelled “good” responders if they had persistent remission till the end of the study period, or “poor” responders if they were either resistant or presented with relapse. Gene expression was labelled low or high based on being lower or higher than that in normal healthy controls. RESULTS: Better clinical response was found associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) subtype (p<0.001), absent FLT3 mutation (p=0.02), higher gene expression of LRP in marrow (p=0.002) and Topo IIα in blood (p=0.005). APML patients had better overall survival (OS) at one year (p=0.03). Patients without FLT3 mutation had better one year OS (p<0.001) and six month OS (p=0.003). Higher LRP expression in marrow was associated with better one year OS (p=0.02). One year disease free survival (DFS) was better among those who had higher expression of LRP and CDA in marrow (p=0.007 and 0.03 respectively). Higher Topo IIα in blood was associated with better DFS at 6 and 12 months (p=0.04 and 0.04 respectively). The expression of other genes, i.e. hENT1, dCK, dCMPD, MDR1, MRP2, Bax and Bcl-2 did not correlate with clinical response, relapse, DFS or OS. Our logistic regression model predicted persistent remission vs. relapse (p=0.007), alive vs. dead (p=0.018) and good vs. bad responders (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of APML, absence of FLT3 mutation, and higher expression of LRP and Topo IIa are the most important factors which predict better outcome in AML patients treated with Ara-C and anthracyclines.