مرزا داغ کے نعتیہ اسلوب کے اقبال پر اثرات Impacts Of Mirza Dagh’s Nautiya Style On Iqbal’s Poetry

The linguist poet of the ambassador of Dehli literary society, Nwab Mirza Khan Dagh does not need any preamble. Iqbal accepted some artistic impacts of Mirza Dagh.He is a romantic poet but he was also effected by revolution of 1857.He narrated the cultural defeat in his poetry. We also can find the cultural defeat in Iqbal’s poetry as well. Iqbal paid tribute to Mirza Dagh at his death with deep grief and in an impressive way. As an artist, the use of developed language precision continuity and idiomatic phrases is Dagh’s distinctive style, the same style of Mirza Dagh is also available in his Nautiya poetry. Although it is not recognition of Dagh but his style is striking researchable. We can also come across the technical effects of his Nautiya style in Iqbal’s poetry. Iqbal has also saluted to his artistic climax. In this article the effort has been accomplished to explain Mirza Dagh’s impacts on Iqbal Keywords: Allama Iqbal, Mirza Dagh, Na‘at, poetry Praise of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Eco-Physiological Responses of Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L. Against Various Levels of Rhizospheric Arsenic As and Associated Metals in the Soil

A series of four experiments was performed to evaluate effect of different levels of two inorganic arsenicals on seed germination, vegetative and reproductive growth or yield of sunflower cultivars. First experiment conducted in climatic room using seeds of four sunflower cultivars revealed adverse effects of higher levels of arsenic (6, 8 and 10 mg As/L) on seed germination. Reduction in germination percentage, increased mean germination time, more days to 50 % germination and stunted plumule and radicle growth with poor seedling vigour index depicted stressful effects of arsenic for sunflower seedlings while lower levels of arsenic (2 and 4 mg As/L) proved to be a little bit promoting for seeds to germinate. In further three pot experiments arsenic was applied through soil, irrigation water as well as in combination to two sunflower cultivars and different morphological, physiological and plant water relation parameters were recorded. Arsenic bio-accumulative potential as well as concentrations of 26 different micro, trace and heavy metal ions were also determined in root, shoot, leaves and seeds of sunflower cultivars at crop maturity using ICP-OES. As observed during the experimentation and concluded from physio-chemical analysis of the plant organs, roots were found substantial sink for arsenic in sunflower and least accumulation was recorded in seeds or achenes. Arsenic application in soil proved more stressful than irrigation water alone and overall arsenic application in combination was proved most deterrent for sunflower growth and development. Plant accumulated arsenic according to its levels in rooting medium and availability to plant because in aqueous rhizospheric environment it transforms into various complex compounds and just a fraction is phytoextracted by sunflower roots. Yield was also affected due to deleterious effects of higher concentrations of arsenicals (80 and 100 mg As/kg soil) either as arsenate or arsenite with lower capitulum diameter and reduced hundred achene weight. Both, cultivars or hybrids of sunflower showed similar behavior towards its ability to cope with arsenic levels more than 100 mg As/kg soil with very little phytoextraction potential and accumulation in above ground biomass.