Democratic Attitude of Youth Evidence from Pakistan

Since the Arab spring, youth have been politically active in Asia through various modes. Regime revolution or failed takeover on 15 July 2016, in Turkey is its vibrant example. However, it’s unfortunate that the political perception, intention or attitude of youth towards democracy have not been included in the process of policy making. As a result, youth activism in politics remained unrecognized. Therefore, present work is an effort to explore democratic attitude of youth in Pakistan. The state of Pakistan has been selected because 64 % of her population comprises youth. Current study examines democratic attitude through four major independent variables: economic growth, democratic values, public participation and political stability. Data was collected from the respondents who were in between 18-35 years of age by distributing a survey questionnaire which was adopted from the literature. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 24.0. Result of the study suggests that all the developed hypotheses were accepted. Additionally, study finds that despite massive corruption, social injustice, favoritism, nepotism, political instability, economic crisis and many other problems, Pakistani youth overwhelmingly considers democracy, as the potential form of government and dislike any alternative of it. Current study may be the first stone in the stagnant water not only in measuring democratic attitude of young generation but it will also help them to understand what sort of democracy is needed in Pakistan.

A Study of the Role of Principal in Promoting Team Learning in School Development

Team learning is a relatively new concept in the context of school development. Hence various stakeholders have different perceptions about it. For the purpose of this study the role of the principal in promoting team learning in private school system was focused and analyzed with respect to school development. Within the qualitative paradigm a case study method was used as a viable research methodology. In order to gather relevant information semi-structured interviews, informal talks, observations and document analyses were used. The framework of my study was basically drawn from Senge's (1990) work, which includes systems thinking, personal mastery, shared vision, mental models and team learning. The study is based on one of the five disciplines of an organization learning namely team learning'. The findings suggest that there is an initial level of understanding about team learning. However, the practice of the principal and other team members of the school is influenced by the alternate frameworks that have been developed by them. The study also alludes to various academic, supportive and administrative roles of the principal, which can be tied together with the notion of team learning. It also indicates that there is the possibility of implementation of team learning in its true sense, as there is the willingness of principal and other stakeholders to implement it. The study recommends that there is a need for creating further awareness of these ideas and helping principal and teachers to adapt new innovations.