Correlation between Onset of Renal Disease with Diabetes onset of renal disease in diabetics

Diabetes is associated with number of vascular and nonvascular complications, and the vascular complications which include Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), stroke, retinopathy, neuropathy, and Diabetic Kidney Diseases (DKD are responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality attributable to diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of onset of any renal disease with diabetes in Pakistani population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Medicine and Nephrology Departments of the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 3 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from the The University of Lahore. A total number of 100 Diabetic patients were selected through non probability convenient sampling technique. Patients of both sexes and all age groups were included. Results: In this study 60% were male and 40% were female. Most of the patients belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Frequency of onset of diabetes with age showed that patients between age of 41-50 years (33%) were more susceptible to diabetes and its complications whereas onset of diabetes was relatively higher in males as compared to females. Frequency distribution of CVD among diabetic patients was 19%. Conclusions: Results of current findings showed that diabetes mellitus also leads toward further microvascular complications and co-exist with different diseases. 

Investigation of Differences in Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Contrasting Bread Wheat Genotypes

The genotypic differences regarding Na + accumulation and transport in plant along with physiological response to improve salt tolerance were studied in bread wheat genotypes. Four wheat genotypes; Kharchia-65, SARC-3, S-9476 and S-8189 were grown under salt stress (75 and 150 mM NaCl) in nutrient solution with five replications. Shoot dry weight, relative growth rate (RGR), chlorophyll index, leaf water relations, Na + content and transport in plant were measured. The increase in NaCl stress decreased all growth parameters, however, variations were observed among genotypes. Kharchia-65, S-9476 and SARC-3 had better growth and water relations compared to salt sensitive genotypes S-8189. The low rate of Na + transport and better ability to restrict Na + in the root was main reason of genetic variation among different genotypes, especially, when growth characteristic did not vary significantly under salt stress. Na + partition was also recorded in wheat genotypes as salt sensitive genotypes had higher Na + accumulation in shoot while it was reverse in tolerant ones. The differences in root Na + were not significant among all genotypes. In many crop plants, over-accumulation of Na + in shoot is the main cause of yield reduction due to toxicity. In this study, wheat genotypes differed mainly because of low rates of Na + uptake and transport from root to shoot. Therefore, in this study, it was concluded that wheat genotypes with contrasting leaf Na + uptake rates and transport from root to shoot had resulted in differences in salinity tolerance. The wheat genotypes having ability to reduce Na + accumulation in shoot by retaining it at root level had better salt tolerance. The genotypes with the highest Na + uptake had lower chlorophyll, more electrolyte leakage, and a slightly lower RGR. Keywords: Genotypes, ion partition, salinity stress, sodium, wheat