مولانا شاہ عزالدین مجیبی/مولانا مفتی عتیق احمد فرنگی محلی
اس واقعہ سے چند روز پہلے یعنی مئی میں ہندوستان کے دواوربلند پایہ علماء کابھی انتقال ہوگیا،ایک مولانا شاہ عزالدین صاحب مجیبی اوردوسرے مولانا مفتی عتیق احمد فرنگی محلی۔ اوّل الذکرنے ندوۃ میں تعلیم پائی تھی، استعداد پختہ تھی، فقہ اور حدیث میں بڑااچھا درک رکھتے تھے۔ گزشتہ سال ہی انہیں صدر جمہوریہ کی طرف سے عربی اسکالر کی حیثیت سے ایوارڈ ملا تھا۔ قومی معاملات ومسائل میں حصہ لیتے رہتے تھے۔قیام خانقاہ مجیبہ پھلواری شریف میں رہتا اوروہیں درس و افتا کاکام کرتے رہتے۔ برہان کے بڑے قدردان تھے اوراسی وجہ سے ایڈیٹر برہان سے محبت کرتے تھے۔
ثانی الذکر فرنگی محل کے کاروان بہار کی آخری نشانی تھے۔بلند پایہ عالم اور بڑے فاضل بزرگ تھے۔ فرنگی محلی کے مفتی تھے اور اسی کے مدرسہ میں جواب برائے نام رہ گیا ہے، درس واہتمام کی خدمت بھی انجام دیتے تھے۔ گوشہ نشین اورقناعت پیشہ بزرگ تھے۔ [جون۱۹۷۷ء]
Allah Almighty sent the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with the message of Islam to take the humankind out of darkness into the light guidance. Translation plays an effective role to disseminate the divine message and the teaching of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to the humankind in various languages. Translating Seerah Nabviah is a challenging job. Only those scholars who have sufficient knowledge about the terminologies relating to hadith studies in addition to other translation skills can carry out the translating process for Hadith’s text. This research paper primarily discusses the importance of translation to disseminate the teachings of Seerah Nabviah to the humankind. It also focuses on the answer of the question about the legitimacy of the translation of Seerah Nabviah through some arguments based on the Quranic verses, Hadiths and Juristic laws. In addition to that, it highlights various challenges and problems facing translators while translating the text of Hadith. It also deliberates some rules and mechanisms to deal with these challenges indicating tosome adequate solutions for rendering the text of Hadith. It mentions some reasons that cause occurring mistakes while translating the text of Hadith. It contains some recommendations and suggestions by mentioning some mechanisms at individual and collective level for taking initiatives towards the translating process for Hadith’s text.
The present study deals with the isolation and optimization of lipase production from the new isolates of Aspergillus terreus and Bacillus pumilus and their application in the biodiesel production by using non-conventional feed stock. The isolation of lipase producing fungal and bacterial strains was carried out from the local habitats. Maximum lipase activity was achieved by using Aspergillus terreus and Bacillus pumilus when the culture media were supplemented with 1.0% and 1.5% olive oil, respectively. The culture media M6 and BM4 gave maximum lipase activity for Aspergillus terreus and Bacillus pumilus, respectively. Highest lipase yield by Aspergillus terreus was achieved after 72 hrs of incubation at 30oC at a pH of 6.0 while highest lipase activity by Bacillus pumilus was achieved after 48 hrs of incubation at 37oC at a pH of 7.5. Maximum lipase activity by Bacillus pumilus was achieved when 1.5% peptone and 1.0% glucose were used as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively while Aspergillus terreus gave maximum lipase activity by using 1.0% peptone and 2.0% glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources. The partial purification of Aspergillus terreus and Bacillus pumilus lipases was achieved at 80% and 60% ammonium sulphate saturations while further purification of microbial lipases was carried out by using Anion exchange and cation exchange chromatography for Aspergillus terreus and Bacillus pumilus lipases, respectively and the purification folds of 2.600 and 1.835 were achieved, respectively. The Lewatit VPOC 1600 (Lanxess, Germany) was proved to be the best support for the immobilization of microbial lipases with the coupling yields of 76.220% and 89.731% for Aspergillus terreus and Bacillus pumilus, respectively. These microbial lipases were then used as catalysts with different non-conventional oils to produce biodiesel. Different algal oils, yeast oils, used cooking oil and non edible plant oils were subjected to chemical and enzymatic transesterification reactions. The percentage yield of Lewatit immobilized Bacillus pumilus lipase was 87% which was higher as compared to free lipase i.e., 66%. Different physico-chemical properties of non-conventional oils were also evaluated. Response surface quadratic models were used for the optimization of biodiesel production by using the Lewatit immobilized Bacillus pumilus lipase. The fuel properties and exhaust emission studies of enzymatically synthesized biodiesel showed that there was a significant decrease in the exhaust emissions of all the biodiesel blends so biodiesel synthesized in the present study was more environment friendly than conventional diesel fuel.