اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو بے تحاشا قابلِ تجدید ذرائع سے نوازا ہے، ان ذرائع میں پانی سے بجلی، شمسی توانائی، ہوا ئی توانائی ہیں۔ ان ذرائع میں پانی سے بجلی، شمسی توانائی، ہوا سے بجلی وغیرہ ہیں، قابلِ تجدید وسائل کا سب سے زیادہ افادیت یہ ہے کہ یہ کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ کی بہت کم مقدار خارج کرتے ہیں، 1 کلو واٹ فی گھنٹہ میں شمسی توانائی سے 87 گرام، جیو تھرمل سے 41گرام، ہوائی توانائی سے 31 گرام، جوہری توانائی سے 52 گرام کاربن بن ڈائی آکسائیڈ خارج ہوتی ہے۔ 1 کلو واٹ فی گھنٹہ میں پن بجلی سے صرف کم از کم ایک گرام سے 1500 گرام تک کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ خارج ہوتی ہے۔ جرمنی میں 30 فیصد، چین میں 29 فیصد اور جاپان میں 24 فیصد بجلی شمسی توانائی سے پیدا ہوتی ہے۔ پاکستان میں پن بجلی کی صلاحیت ایک لاکھ میگا واٹ ہے، ہوائی توانائی کی 50 ہزارمیگا واٹ ہے، بائیو ماس سے بھی بجلی پیدا کرنے کی صلاحیت بھی ہزاروں میگا واٹ میں ہے، پاکستان میں ایک مربع کلو میڑ پر ایک کلو واٹ توانائی پڑتی ہے جس سے ہزاروں میگا واٹ بجلی پیدا کی جا سکتی ہے۔ [1]
مسلم سکالر'عبدالحمید' لکھتا ہے:
“It is the use of non-renewable resources, those minerals and fossil hydrocarbons whose natural cycles are on a geologic time-scale and are thus practically finite in human terms that are ecologically unsound. It is the rampant exploitation of such non-renewable resources over the past 20 years that has led to the industrial and technological way of life that dominates the planet.”[2]
واپڈا حکام کے مطابق قابل تجدید وسائل سے آئندہ 20 برسوں میں ستانوے سو میگا واٹ پیدا کی جائے گی۔ نیپرا کی سالانہ رپورٹ...
John Rawls, an American Political Philosopher worked on the very idea of justice in his writings throughout his life. He was of the opinion that an institution is just and fair only when its principles and rules are prepared to benefit all the members of the society equally and if there is an unequal distribution then it must advantage all of them especially the ones who are least i.e. Needy. The political institutions must shape up such kind of policies in order for the development of the wellbeing of the individuals in the society by providing them with resources, opportunities, basic necessities etc. Equally. Whereas, the conception of social justice is also based on equality and the human rights where they could be treated as free and equals i.e. An egalitarian society. In this research paper we will analyze the significance of John Rawl’s theory
For the advancement of the cause of democracy, Benazir Bhutto faced a variety of challenges, trails, contests and resistances prior to her becoming the first woman prime minister of Pakistan. The watershed of this first struggle was bound by an era covered by supposedly a dictatorial regime from 1977 to 1988. In terms of realpolitic, this move was a complex and significant ideological struggle based on social justice against conservative forces and status-quo, braced by some international influential clusters. As a resilient woman political leader, she managed to cope with all the crises. The study in hand is the in-depth analysis of the struggle of Benazir Bhutto for upholding the democratic forces. Data sources included Focus Group Discussions with party workers and political leaders, in-depth interviews with historians and civil society members, and content analysis of documents like letters (written by Benazir Bhutto to various party workers and by the author to Benazir Bhutto), reports, Peoples Party’s constitution, press releases by Benazir Bhutto, media documentaries and other published material relevant to the topic. Analysis of the data revealed that Benazir Bhutto confronted significant hardships and challenges to restore democracy in Pakistan. Despite ruthlessness of the ruling regime, betrayals of her party men and unfavorable circumstances she managed to cope with all the difficulties with her charisma and leadership qualities. She successfully exhibited her visionary skills, persistence, determination, influential personality, and immense courage. As part of her reconciliation and resilience, she joined hands with opponents; she was able to bring all conservative clusters on board on its voyage to democracy. The resilience demonstrated by Benazir Bhutto in her political struggle could be a model for political practitioners and political leadership xviii in Pakistan. This research concludes by suggesting for doing scientific studies about the Bhutto legacy of later time periods and making a comparative analysis for drawing lessons for the political landscape of Pakistan. Similarly, in the struggle for democracy in Pakistan, there are many other leaders. In-depth analysis of their terrain is in order to develop strategies for political struggle.