Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (Msmes) Based on Creative Economy (Ekraf) and Gig Economy in Gorontalo Regency

The purpose of this study is to determine the development of MSMEs in Gorontalo Regency and to provide new innovations in the development of MSMEs based on Creative Economy (Ekraf) and Gig economy in Gorontalo Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, which describes and describes facts according to the phenomenon of how development is seen from the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities (SWOT analysis) with the aim of providing an Creative Economy-based MSME development strategy and the Gig economy in Gorontalo Regency. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of MSMEs against informants from three business fields, namely the Food Business Sector (dodol processed food), clothing (Sulaman Karawo) and handicrafts spread across three existing sub-districts in Gorontalo Regency. The results showed that the creative economy-based and gig economy-based MSMEs in Gorontalo Regency have not been fully implemented by MSME actors because they have limited capabilities and experience problems in their business development, this is due to several problems faced such as limited capital, raw materials and the use of simple production equipment, limited marketing media due to the absence of a MSME center, the types of products offered, quite a lot of transaction costs, less skilled labor, and product copyright registration problems for that from the results of the SWOT analysis of the diversification strategy at a more precise value to be applied, because it is considered more appropriate to the current conditions in Gorontalo Regency. In addition, the use of the gig economy is a part-time worker who is competent and innovative for MSMEs that are progressing and ready to compete.

To Investigate the Forces Acting at Religious Magnet - the Shrine in Urban Settlements and Their Impact on Immediate Surrounding

In this dissertation, the shrine being a socio-religious institution has been focused to find out the forces inducing the expansions, interventions and changes in its built environment. The research ends up with the formulation of a policy framework for proper management and upkeep of the shrines, in order to protect the architectural heritage associated with them. History and historiography of Ṣūfism and shrine has been divided into pre-shrine and post-shrine scenarios to figure out how after the death of a Ṣūfī, his burial place was established as a shrine. The study comprehends the development of shrine in the Islamic world, in Central Asia and finally in Indian Subcontinent. The core part of this dissertation is the study of socio-religious and built environment of the shrine that has re-defined its land-uses in 21 st century. The study further investigates the impact of rituals, ceremonies, beliefs and phenomenon of additions, alterations, and interventions introduced in the built environment of the shrines either by the waqf administration or the mutawallīs. The research, largely based on the first hand information collected from numerous shrines located in the province of Punjab, is further strengthened with the two detailed case-studies: Shrine Complexes of Ḥaḍrat ‘Alī Hujwīrī (d:1072 A.D.) at Lahore and Bābā Farīd (d:1265 A.D.) at Pākpattan. Study of Phenomenology of transformation of built environment based on the development matrix evaluates and analyzes the informal and formal developments carried out by the waqf administration in the premises of the shrine. The critical appraisal of the case-studies identifies the forces controlling the socio-religious and built environment of the shrine and thus deriving the principles for policy framework. Last Part of the dissertation divulges the ideological and administrative forces responsible for bringing out the changes in the socio-religious and built environment of the shrine. In conclusion, a comparison is drawn between the shrine (representative of ṭarīqat) and the mosque (representative of sharī’at), as two of the most sacred places. To protect the architectural heritage associated with the shrines, Punjab Religious Monuments Protection Rules 2010 are proposed as policy framework for the waqf administration.