مولانا سید محمد جعفر شاہ پھلواروی
ان کی وفات کے ساتھ مولانا سید محمد شاہ پھلواروی ندوی کی رحلت کی بھی خبر ملی، وہ ہندوستان کے مشہور بزرگ، عالم اور واعظ اور ندوۃ العلماء کے بڑے مربی مولانا شاہ سلیمان پھلوارویؒ کے فرزند ارجمند تھے، ندوہ سے سند حاصل کرکے کپورتھلہ کی جامع مسجد کے امام ہوئے تو اسی امامت سے ان کی شہرت کا آغاز ہوا اور جب پاکستان بنا تو ایک جید عالم ہونے کے علاوہ ایک بلند پایہ اور ممتاز مصنف کی حیثیت سے مشہور ہوئے، بہت دنوں تک لاہور کے ادارہ ثقافت اسلامیہ سے وابستہ رہے، بہت سی کتابوں کے مصنف ہوئے جن میں سے کچھ کے نام یہ ہیں: الدین میر، ریاض السنہ، پیغمبر انسانیت، ازدواجی زندگی کے لئے قانونی تجاویز، مسئلہ تعداد ازدواج، تجدید نسل، اجتہادی مسائل، زیردستوں کی آقائی اور ترجمہ الفخری وغیرہ، قدیم و جدید طرز فکر کے امتزاج کے خواہاں تھے، اس کی تروج کرتے رہے کہ شریعت کو غیرمبتدل نہ سمجھا جائے بلکہ اس میں جو توسع اور تیسر رکھا گیا ہے اسے آج بھی باقی رکھ کر اس سے فائدہ اٹھایا جاسکتا ہے، ان کی بعض تحریروں سے دینی حلقوں میں ہلچل پیدا ہوتی رہی، مگر وہ جہاں پہنچ جاتے اپنی شیریں بیانی سے اپنے ہم نشینوں کو اپنا گرویدہ بنالیتے، اچھے مقرر اور واعظ بھی تھے، کلام پاک کی آیتیں خوش الحانی اور اشعار ترنم سے پڑھ کر بڑی کیفیت پیدا کردیتے، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی تربت پر اپنی رحمتوں اور برکتوں کی بارش فرماتے رہیں، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، پریل ۱۹۸۲ء)
Farmers predominantly belong to lower class of the society, particularly in developing and under developing countries. This actuality really put them on back-foot in every sphere of life, including their various agricultural activities. For instance, they always face problems to fulfil their agricultural requirement, both for crop and non crop activities, and hence, not in position to get utmost benefits from their efforts. Being citizens of a developing country, Pakistani farmers come across the identical situation. As they are Muslims, therefore, avoid securing interest based loan from the financial institutions. Islamic financial system provides an alternate to such interest based arrangement in the shape of various financing techniques. Among these, Istisnā’ (manufacturing) is the most important one which can be used effectively for the fulfilment of various agricultural requirements. However, its role is more dominant in the satisfaction of non crop agricultural activities that is for example, manufacturing of some heavy agricultural machinery and equipments, installation of tube-wells and channels for appropriate irrigation system, construction of small houses for farmers in their lands etc. The present work discusses the theoretical background of this mode, available in the scholarly work of classical and contemporary Muslim jurists’ work, followed by the description that how it can be used for financing various sectors of agriculture. Study reveals the transaction is equally viable for the development of all sectors of agriculture like local farming, fish farming, dairy farming, poultry farming, horticulture etc. The intended results can be achieved when the financial institutions apply the transaction in its true spirit and philosophies envisaged for it by Islamic commercial law, and not mere a source of earning profit.
Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive blood disorder, and this is the second most abundant
genetic disorder, of which 50% of patients are from the Southeast Asian region.
Beta-Haemoglobin (HBB) gene carries the mutation, and the alteration in the HBB gene
sequence results in the abnormal functioning of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin molecules. This
study was conducted on the 20 affected families of Thalassemia after their consent. Blood
samples were collected. Then DNA was extracted using a standard organic method with some
modifications. Primers for the exonic and intronic region of the HBB gene were designed and
amplified following PCR protocol. Amplicons were sequenced for mutation detection using
bioinformatic tools. The previous researches show that incorrect intronic and exonic splicing
lead the thalassemia to reach at worst condition due to defect in mutation. The Human Splicing
Finder (HSF) tool, BLAST tool from NCBI website, and Bioedit software have been used for
analyzing the sequence and variations at positions. Five different samples of the HBB gene
showed differences in different locations of exon and intron. HBB Exon 1 Sample 1 has intronic
change with variation in base change position c269+5 on an amplified fragment from G>C. HBB
Exon 1 Sample 2 has exonic change with variation in base change position c185 on an amplified
fragment from T>C of nucleotide change, and codon replacement occurs at position CAT>CAC
as amino acid p.His does not change. HBB Exon 1 Sample 3 has intronic change with variation in
base change position c269+5 on an amplified fragment from G>C. HBB Exon 1 Sample 4 has
exonic change with variation in base change position c185 on an amplified fragment from T>C
of nucleotide change, and codon replacement occurs at position CAT>CAC as amino acid p.His
does not change. HBB Exon 2 Sample 5 has intronic change with variation in base change
position c491+16 on an amplified fragment from G>C. Graphical Representation and
chromatogram of Potential splice site are showing intronic and exonic variations at the position.
G replaces C in samples of intronic variation & T replaces C in samples of exonic variation.
Change in sequence alignment is observed at different positions in samples of exons and introns.
This study concludes that the change in the HBB gene is observed as well as intronic, and exonic
splicing can lead thalassemia from severe to mild.