پروفیسر خلیق احمد نظامی کی یاد میں
(پروفیسر اصغر عباسی)
’’نظامی صاحب بلند پایہ عالم اور ملک کے ممتاز مورخ اور دارالمصنفین کے رکن رکین تھے، ان پر بعض مشہور اہل قلم سے جن کو ان سے گہری واقفیت تھی، مضمون لکھنے کی فرمایش کی گئی ہے، اس مضمون میں ان کی زندگی کے ایک خاص پہلو ہی سے گفتگو کی گئی ہے‘‘۔ (ض)
خلیق احمد نظامی صاحب کے نام نامی سے میں علی گڑھ آنے سے پہلے ہی واقف ہوچکا تھا لیکن ملاقات ۱۹۶۸ء میں ہوئی جب راقم الحروف سرسید ہال کا طالب علم تھا اور وہ اس کے پرووسٹ مقرر ہوئے تھے۔
نظامی صاحب متوسط قد کے تھے لیکن ان کا جسم ایسا تھا کہ ہر لباس خواہ ہندوستانی ہو یا انگریزی ان پر خوب پھبتا تھا، ان کا رنگ گندمی تھا جس کی وجہ سے ان کے سفید بالوں کی جو قدرے لمبائی لیے ہوئے تھے سپیدی کا احساس بڑھ جاتا تھا۔ ان کی آنکھیں بڑی نہیں تھیں لیکن نہایت روشن تھیں جن میں ایک خاص چمک تھی، ان کے چہرے سے رعب عیاں ہوتا تھا لیکن خوف بالکل نہیں معلوم ہوتا تھا۔
نظامی صاحب مجسم علم تو تھے ہی لیکن ان کے سرتاپا عمل ہونے کا عقدہ اس وقت کھلا جب انہوں نے پہلی بار یونیورسٹی میں انتظامی عہدہ سنبھالا اور سرسید ہال میں پرووسٹ ہوکر آئے، ان کے زمانے میں ہال نے بڑی ترقی کی۔ میں اس کا عینی شاہد ہوں کہ وہ ہال کے دفتر میں حساب کا ایک ایک رجسٹر دیکھتے، مددگاروں کو انتظامات کی ایک ایک جزئی باتیں سمجھاتے انہیں راستہ بھی دکھاتے اور ایک ایک کام کی تاکید بھی کرتے اس کا نتیجہ یہ ہوا کہ ہال کے درد و دیوار سے لے کر اس کے سبزہ زار تک سب سرسبز اور شاداب ہوگئے۔ دراصل ہال کی...
Diseases are recognized as one of the major restrictions to sustainable animal production which can cause significant economic loss in aquaculture. Even though there are various chemotherapeutic agents such as antibiotics and disinfectants in practice from centuries. Antibiotics have the potential to cause unwanted side effects as well as microbes get resistant against them. Now there is also a lot of research going to see the potential of natural products against pathogens. Tradescantia pallida purpurea plant has various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannis and phenolic compounds Objective: The present study was conducted to testefficacy of Tradescantia pallida purpurea in chloroform extract against fish pathogens and also a comparison in methods (well diffusion and disc diffusion) was made Methods: Four fish pathogens (NP1, NP4, SCC4 and TS1) were isolated after morphological and biochemical tests. Erythromycin was used as control. 10 µg/ml chloroform leaf extract was used by well diffusion and disc diffusion Results: It was noticed that well-diffusion assay was better to inhibit growth of fish isolates as compared to disc diffusion method. It was noticed that Tradescantia pallidahaspotential to inhibit growth of pathogens. Conclusions: So, there is a need to plan a comprehensive study to recommend the maximum dose that is helpful to control fish pathogens.
The Endoparasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) has been synonymized with Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) in 2014. It is a newly emerged parasitoid of mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) and it has been found an efficient insect control tool. There is little information available on parasitoid origin factors responsible for modulation of mealybug physiology. Parasitoid’s venom contains biologically active proteins that have potential applications in pest management, some of them also have medicinal importance but venom components of A. arizonensis have not been studied yet. Venom glands tissues of A. tarizonensis were used for transcriptomic study and transcriptomic database was developed by using high throughput RNA sequencing approaches using Illumina Technology. The transcriptomic data of A. arizonensis venom glands was analysed by utilizing high throughput sequencing Illumina technology and de novo assemblies were constructed, containing 30,267,259 sequences reads which yielded 30,154,362 contigs and 8,507 unigenes which had significant BLAST homologies n the NR database. The database sequences showed homology to 2666 Nasonia vitripennis genes, 2065 Copidosoma floridanum genes, 1660 Ceratosolen solmsi genes, 1598 Trichogramma pretiosum genes and 1192 Cerapachys biroi genes. Further analysis was performed by selecting some genes encoding venom proteins which are potentially involved in the disruption of host immune system, developemental arrest and host paralysis. Sequenced mRNAs predicted to encode full length ORFs of Calreticulin, Arginine kinase and serine protease precursor proteins were identified, and tissue specific expression of these putative venom proteins was performed by RT-PCR which reveals that venom genes were not only exclusively expressed in venom tissues but also conserved in all carcasses of the parasitoid species. Application of crude venom and expressed proteins on cultured cell lines showed valuable results for understanding that there are paralytic factors in parasitoid venom which cause cell death. Whereas in functional analysis of microinjections, venom treated with heat and proteinase showed non-significant mortality which suggests that bioactive components of the crude venom were proteins which lost their biological activities upon heat treatments. Additionally, results also demonstrated that transcriptome de novo assembly allows useful venom gene expression analysis in species lacking genome sequence database which ultimately provide useful information for devising control tools for insect pest. This work also contributes to the understanding of the molecular and physiological bases of host parasitoid interaction in insects that may provide an unexplored resource for diverse biotechnological application and useful information for entomologists seeking to devise sustainable control strategies for cotton mealybug.