3 ستمبر 1924 ء کو منظر عام پر آنے والا یہ اردو کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ اس میں تقریباً چوبیس سال تک کا کلام موجود ہے۔ اقبال اردو کلام کی اشاعت کے حق میں نہ تھے۔ ایک صاحب نے شوق میں یہ کام کر بھی دیا تو اقبال نے قانونی طور پر پابندی عائد کروادی۔ اس کے بعد خود توجہ دی۔ بہت سا حصہ حذف کر دیا۔ اقبال کے تمام مجموعوں میں بانگ در اسب سے بڑا مجموعہ ہے۔ اس میں 1901ء سے 1905 ء کا کلام پہلے حصے میں 1905ء سے 1908ء کا کلام دوسرے حصہ میں اور یورپ سے واپسی کے بعد سے لے کر 1924 ء تک کا کلام تیسرے حصے میں شامل ہے۔ اس طرح بانگ درا کے کل تین حصے ہیں۔ اس میں143 نظمیں اور 28 غزلیں شامل ہیں۔عمدہ افکار و اسالیب پر مبنی مرثیے اس تصنیف میں موجود ہیں۔ زیادہ تر طویل نظمیں اسی تصنیف میں موجود ہیں۔
It is generally believed that the Constitution of 1973 was passed unanimously by the parliament of Pakistan and was equally acceptable for all the federating units. While studying the processes of the approval of the said constitution inside the assembly, it becomes evident that the reality was quite different. There exists an argument that most of the Opposition members were not allowed to join the parliament’s session while the final approval of the constitution was processed. The present paper is an effort to analyse the developments that took place inside the National Assembly to pass this document which was to serve as the fundamental document of the state system in forthcoming years. In other words, the present article analyses the course of action through which the Constitution was framed. This is an analytical study primarily based on the National Assembly debates supported by the secondary sources, biographies, and autobiographies of the contemporary politicians to understand how far the amendments suggested by the then opposition were accommodated by the ruling party. Furthermore, this paper analyses the reasons for which each government has to amend the basic structure of the constitution to make it more practical and acceptable for its units. For instance the Eighteenth Amendment removed the concurrent list of the constitution but now the following governments are facing issues to implement the Amendment in detail.
The study was planned to critically analyze Pakistan Studies curricula. The main objectives of the study were to assess the contents of Pakistan Studies for secondary, higher secondary, and bachelor level with special reference to the principles of survival, interest and utility, analyze the vertical alignment in Pakistan Studies curricula, and analyze the contents of Pakistan Studies in the light of its objectives like students’ needs and social purpose. Data were collected from two hundred ten (210) teachers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and two hundred ten (210) students of University of Peshawar. Chi-square test and percentages were used for data analysis. The results show that Pakistan Studies contents are capable of satisfying the aspirations of mankind for a higher and richer culture and interests of learners and focus on their social development. The curriculum of Pakistan Studies highlights the importance of national integration, unity and patriotism, and does not promote an understanding of the country''s ideology. It also helps students in recognizing their rights and duties, and develops their civic sense. Further results show that the contents of Pakistan Studies provide the opportunities for social intercommunication and also help to promote citizenship activities. The encouraging aspect of the study is that Pakistan Studies contents are valid, accurate, and based on historical facts. The study suggests that such contents may be included in Pakistan Studies curriculum which help in keeping students mentally fit to use their hands and minds properly to solve their social problems.