مولانا لطف اﷲ صاحب کی وفات
در روزگار عشق تو ماہم فدا شدیم افسوس کز قبیلۂ مجنون کسے نماند
قدیم عربی مدارس کے در و دیوار اگرچہ ظاہری شان و شوکت کے لحاظ سے روز بروز بلند ہوتے جاتے ہیں، لیکن جھک کے دیکھتے ہیں تو سنگ بنیاد متزلزل نظر آتا ہے، ہماری قدیم تعلیم و تربیت کی جو یادگاریں، ان مدارس کا اساس تھیں، ایک ایک کرکے مٹ گئیں، ایک مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم رہ گئے تھے لیکن ۱۸؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۱۶ء کو صرصرفنانے ہماری علمی انجمن کے اس چراغ کو بھی گل کردیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم میں قدیم تعلیم و تربیت کی تمام خصوصیات باکمل وجوہ موجود تھیں، علم اخلاق، اور مذہب قدیم تعلیم و تربیت کا مایہ خمیر تھا، اور انہی محاسن کی بناء پر ہمارے علماء قوم میں عزت، رسوخ اور اثر پیدا کرتے تھے، مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم کی ذات میں نہ صرف یہ محاسن جمع ہوگئے تھے، بلکہ وہ ان اوصاف میں عموماً اپنے اقران و اماثل میں ممتاز کیے جاتے تھے۔
اشاعت علم خالصۃً لوجہ اﷲ ہمیشہ ہمارے علماء کا تمغۂ امتیاز رہا ہے اور مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم نے اپنی عمر کا ایک کافی حصہ اس نیک کام میں صرف کیا، ہندوستان میں آج جس قدر علمی سلسلے قائم ہیں، اور جو علماء آج مسندنشین درس و تدریس ہیں، ان میں اکثر ایسے ہیں جنھوں نے مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم کے خرمن فیض کی خوشہ چینی کی ہے۔لیکن اﷲ تعالیٰ نے دولت دنیا سے بھی مولوی صاحب مرحوم کو کافی حصہ عطا فرمایا تھا، وہ ریاست حیدرآباد میں بمشاہرہ ایک ہزار مدتوں افتاء کی خدمت انجام دیتے رہے، لیکن...
The study was conducted to examine some of the important questions raised by both the religious scholars and the proponents of the Enlightenment movement. The purpose of the study was to interpret enlightenment in Western and Islamic context and to examine the impact of western enlightenment on contemporary Pakistani society in the light of Islamic teachings. The study was quantitative in nature. Survey was conducted to probe into the perceptions of the Pakistani people regarding impact of western enlightenment on various aspects of contemporary Pakistani society. The sample of the study was 1000 people from four provincial headquarters of Pakistan including male and female from urban and rural areas of the provincial capitals. Two research instruments were developed by the researcher based on review of the related literature. First was a questionnaire named WEBI, Western Enlightenment Beliefs Inventory; second was a checklist named WEKAPC, Western Enlightenment Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Checklist. Results showed that most of the respondents were of the view that western enlightenment exerted significant influences on their thinking, lifestyles, and education, culture, media and social practices. Majority of the respondents thought that western enlightenment emphasized on tolerance, cultural harmony, equality, social justice and independent thinking. Gender-wise comparisons indicated that male respondents were more positive towards western enlightenment than the female respondents. It was recommended that Pakistani society needs to be made aware of the philosophy of western enlightenment and Islamic values which are characteristics of western enlightenment movement. There is need to initiate interfaith dialogue to understand socio-cultural dynamics of a Muslim society and a western society.
The microscopic analysis of pollen is the standard method and an effective tool to understand the allergenic (Pollen allergy) and melliferous plants (mellisopalynology) of any specific region. This is the first report study from Pakistan regarding pollen investigation of allergenic and melliferous flora using various techniques including pollen extraction, identification, systematics, field emission scaning electron microscopy, upright florescence microscopy and light microscopy. The study confind palynological analysis of melliferous plants and allergenic plants, pollen sculpturing using scaning electron micrscopy and to development of floral calendar of the region. First part deals with pollen analysis of 64 honey samples collected from 37 different localities of Pakistan using Light microscopy (LM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). In this study wide variety of plants foraged by honey bees Apis mellifera, A. cerana, A. dorsata were identified representing the potential for bee keeping of region. In total of 60 different pollen types belonging to 35 families were identified up to species, genetic and family level. It is reported that the most of the plants belong to angiosperm families whereas only one species belong to gymnosperm group.The dominant families belonging to angiosprm includes Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Mimosaceae whereas the pinaceae is the only one gymnospermic family. In second part, Upright fluorescence microscopy was carried out to identify 12 samples of allergenic pollen from Pakistan. Pollen focal series has been capture at different dimensions expressing the diverse features of pollen, significant for aerobiological sampling identification. Pollen features studied includes pollen morphology, size, shape, exine structure, exine thickness etc. Diverse pollen morphology observed during study may appear confusing when working on airborne pollen as many pollen show similarity in shape. Third part deals with Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of pollen grain. Finding of this analyses shows that the external morphological features of pollen (sculpturing) were useful for identification of different taxa. Honey pollen were identified using morphological features, number and arrangement of pore and colpi, size and shape. In this study 49 pollen grains types belonging to 25 families were reported. It is noted that the shape and sculpturing of pollen ranging from psilate, scabrate to reticulate, bireticulate and echinolophate. Survey of allergenic and melliferous flora was carried out side by side to keep the record about allergenic and bee floral preference of specific sites through surveys and interviews and recording their flowering time and distribution. In total of 205 plant species were identified belonging to sixty seven families. The wild plant species like Justicia adhatoda Linn., Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile, Ziziphus jujuba Mill etc. may serve in apiculture industries at large scale while the species like Taraxicum officinalis L., Artemisia dubia Wall., Casuarina equisetifolia L., Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Herit., Cupressus sempervirens L., or Pinus roxburghii Sargent, playing role in triggering pollen allergy symptoms. Cultivated crops like Pennisetum, Nigella sativa, Triticum sativum along with fruit gardens of Pyrus spp., Prunus spp., Eryobotria japonica, Citrus spp. etc. are popular melliferous flora of studied sites. Exotic/ introduced species like Eucalyptus globulus or Parthenium hysterophorus, are also frequently visited by bees indicating the significance of those plants in bee industry and at the same time triggering the allergies by the windborne pollen. Overall results are based on pollen features like morphology and sculpturing. It is concluded that different microscopic analysis techniques gives more clear and authentic picture of allergenic and melliferous pollen identification which is well supported by floral calendar. Diversity of pollen are observed in case of melliferous pollen and most of the allergenic pollen were found less sculptured or psilate expressing the adaptation to the specific mode of pollination. The study recommends to compile the pollen book on pollen spectra of Pakistan that could serve as a reference for future studies particularly and at global perspectives generally.