ROLE OF KINESIOPHOBIA ON PAIN, DISABILITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background and Aim: The majority of people suffered with low back pain (LBP) at least once during their lifetime. As such, LBP is a highly prevalent and costly condition. People respond inappropriately as a result of current or possible risks and establish defensive habits (for example, hyper-vigilance) that aim at avoiding new injuries. A continued reconciling of studies which provide various answers for the same issue will be necessary for treatment decisions. This study is performed to conclude the function of Kinesiophobia and check it on   Pain, Disability and Quality of Life in Patients that are suffering from Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. Methodology: A Systematic Review has been conducted. Secondary data collected from Electronic database including PubMed, Medline and Cochrain Library from inception to 2010. Total 554 Article found out of which 10 articles included in the study after excluding the duplicate article, Quality screening through Pedro Scale, and article don’t fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the study. Review completed within 9 months after approval of synopsis. Results: According to this Review total Sample size was 554 with mean Sample size 130±90, mean Age 46±5 years, Mean of Pain Intensity (VAS 0-10) 6.12±1.5, mean Pain Duration 30±14, mean Kinesiophobia Measures (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia 0-68) 37±6.5, mean Disability (Oswestry Disability Index 0-100%) 56±27, mean Quality of Life (SF 36 0-100) 39.17±15.197.  Conclusion: TSK scores showed a statistically significant correlation with Pain, Disability, education level, and SF-36 QOL. As the education level decreases, kinesiophobia scores increase and as kinesiophobia scores increase, Level of disability increases and the quality of life decreases. Patients with kinesiophobia presented greater pain intensity, a greater fear of movement and of performing physical activities and it was also associated with worse quality of life.

Development of a Quality Enhancement Training Model for University Teachers.

The progress of a nation depends upon quality of education .The quality of education is based on faculty at the university level. For achieving the quality education, professional development is an essential component. It is concerned with the creation of knowledge, utilization of knowledge and skills. The main concern of this study was to explore the situation about professional development of university teachers in Pakistan pertaining to (a) quality improvement initiative by teachers to do research on teaching (b) adoption of innovative methods of instructions (c) diversified student population which is not satisfied by the uniform teaching methods /styles. Moreover the study was aimed to provide a guideline for the training of teachers so that existing deficiencies can be removed through quality teaching methods/models. Higher Education Commission (HEC) has taken various encouraging steps for the training of teachers. But before 2000 the training of teachers at university level was not given due focus for one or other reasons .The teachers in higher education organizations carry two functions i.e. research and teaching. This study covers only one- aspect i.e. Pedagogical skills of teachers. There are various models of teacher training and some of them have been discussed in the study. Each of them has its own strengths and weaknesses but benefit can be taken from these models. The models have been analyzed in order to check feasibility for quality teaching at university level. The quality of higher education is related with the competency of academic staff. In order to enhance the quality of teaching staff, there is an acute need to arrange the concurrent training session for teachers. With the creation of knowledge, abrupt changes are taking place which results into continuous changes of curriculum. To update the knowledge of teachers in relation to modified curriculum and enhance pedagogical skills, training is required. Although various incentives have been given to the university teachers by the HEC to enhance the quality of learning and teaching at higher education but there is a need to further strengthen the training programmes. Teacher training is one of the key issues of developing countries. Higher quality of training leads to improve the students learning in addition to enhance the performance of teachers. On the basis of the reviewing of literature a model of training on quality enhancement of university teachers has been developed.