The “Crisis and Concerns: A cross-sectional study on Junior Doctors during COVID-19 pandemic”.

Introduction: Doctors committed to the care of patients are trying to fulfill their duty in a difficult situation, but the consequential impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on Junior Doctors mental health are far too complex. Objective: The objective of this study was to gain insight into Junior Doctors’levels of concerns during a global pandemic of COVID-19. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study, utilizing a 23-item validated questionnaire was conducted on two hundred and fifty doctors of various disciplines and nationalities working on training and non-training posts. Results: The response rate was (77 %) and the levels of concern score among Junior doctors during COVID-19 pandemic in the NHS was found to be (41.35±4.9). With regard to gender differences, 32.5% of males and 27.5% females had a moderate concern score of 40 to 47. In regard to safety at work (85%) agreed that they are not safe, (100%) agreed that they are at risk to contract a COVID-19 infection at work and (100%) felt that they will transmit COVID-19 to their families but (95%) agreed that were obliged to take care of patients. In addition, (97.5%) doctors were not confident with the current infection control measures and (77.5%) felt frustrated with poor infection control training offered to them. Conclusion: Therefore, measures to strengthen personal protection and adequate support to Junior Doctors should be addressed urgently by the Healthcare system. KEYWORDS: COVID-19, Doctors, PPE, Concerns, Psychological impact.  

Stability Analysis of Celestial Objects and Cosmos

In this thesis, we study various evolutionary aspects of relativistic collapsing systems, thin-shell wormholes as well as cosmos by incorporating the e®ects of di®erent physical parameters. We consider both spherical and cylindrical stellar objects ¯lled with electromagnetic °uids and discuss their dynamical instability under radial oscillations. The dynamical instability of homogeneous sphere as well as relativistic polytropes is discussed by taking di®erent values of charge in Newtonian and post Newtonian regimes. Moreover, we evaluate the ranges of radii as well as adiabatic index for both charged and uncharged dissipative homogeneous cylinder. It is noted that dynamical instability occurs in the presence of charge if the gaseous mass contracts to the limiting radius. We discuss stability of thin-shell wormholes coupled with nonlinear electrodynam- ics in the vicinity of di®erent cosmological models for exotic matter. A general equa- tion of state is considered in the form of linear perturbation which explores stability of the respective wormhole solutions. We assume linear, logarithmic and Chaplygin gas models to study exotic matter at thin-shell and evaluate maximum viable regions for stability with di®erent values of the involved parameters. We also study stability of thin-shell wormholes in Einstein Ho®mann-Born-Infeld electrodynamics following the same dynamical approach. It is found that the Ho®mann-Born-Infeld parameter and electric charge enhance the stability regions. Finally, we discuss dynamical stability of isotropic and homogenous universe model via phase space analysis by taking a noninteracting mixture of electromagnetic and viscous radiating °uids whose viscous pressure satis¯es a nonlinear version of the Israel-Stewart transport equation. We evaluate corresponding critical points for var- ious choices of physical parameters. It is found that bulk viscosity as well as elec- tromagnetic ¯eld enhances the stability of accelerated expansion of the isotropic and homogeneous cosmos. We also study phase space analysis of locally rotationally sym- metric Bianchi type I universe model by taking di®erent linear combinations for the interactions between scalar ¯eld models and dark matter. This indicates a matter dominated epoch ultimately followed by a late accelerated expansion phase. We con- clude that all the critical points lead to accelerated expansion of the universe for tachyon coupled ¯eld.