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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Gene Snp and Risk of Acne in Pakistani Population

Thesis Info

Author

Noreen Kishwar

Department

Department of Biochemistry, QAU

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

viii, 44

Subject

Biochemistry

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M. Phil. BIO/2950

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676717817648

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مل گئی یک مشت ان کو راحتِ دنیا و دیں


مل گئی یک مُشت اُن کو راحتِ دنیا و دیں
جن کی قسمت میں مدینے کی فضائیں ہو گئیں

نورِ ’’اقرا‘‘ کی ضیائیں ساتھ ساتھ آنے لگیں
جلوتوں میں آگئے جب غار کے خلوت نشیںؐ

صبحِ طیبہ میں بسی ایمان کی تابندگی
شامِ طیبہ میں نہاں ہے راحتِ قلبِ حزیں

بندگانِ ربِّ کعبہ کی یہی ہے بندگی
جس جگہ پہ نقشِ پائے مصطفی ہو خم جبیں

آسمانِ معرفت کی اُس کو رفعت مل گئی
مل گئی جس شخص کو طیبہ میں بس دو گز زمیں

بربطِ تخلیق کی آوازِ ہست و بود میں
خلقتِ نورِ محمدﷺ ہے صدائے اوّلیں

آپؐ کے دم سے جہانِ آب و گل میں تازگی
چہرئہ ارض و سما ہے آپؐ کے دم سے حسیں

خوبیٔ رفتار سے آگے مقامِ مصطفیؐ
وسعتِ پرواز کی حد سدرہ سے آگے کہیں

والہانہ اہلِ الفت کی نگاہوں نے کہا
چودھویں کے چاند سے ہے آپؐ کا چہرہ حسیں

مدحتِ ممدوحِ ربؐ کی وسعتوں کے سامنے
لفظ کے دامن میں تنگی کے سوا کچھ بھی نہیں

ہیں امامِ انبیاؐ ، اقصیٰ کی شب ، بدرالدجیٰ
مقتدی ہے ماہِ کنعاںؑ کی ادائے دل نشیں

شافعِ محشرؐ کے ابرو کا اشارا ہو گیا
مل گئی اُنؐ کی شفاعت سے ہمیں خلدِ بریں

کس طرح اُن کو ہو عرفانِؔ خدائے لم یزل
جن کو محبوبِ خداؐ کی ذات سے اُلفت نہیں

A صاحبِ تفسیر ِصدیقی کا عصری مسائل کے حل اور کلامی مباحث میں طرزِاستدلال: تجزیاتی مطالعہ Sahib-e-Tafseer-e-Sadiqi's style of reasoning in contemporary problem solving and discourse discussions: an analytical study

Holy Qur’an is the last revealed book of Allah Almighty.The explanation of its verses started from the time of last apostle and it will continue till the day of resurrection. The land of Indo Pak sub-continent is much fertile regarding the personalities who worked for the interpretation of the last revealed book. In this research paper characteristics and methodology of Tafseer-e-Siddiqui are discussed, especially Theological Discussions of exegesis are analysed. Moulana Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui was a renowned theologian of Hyderabad Dakkan. He spent his whole life in learning and teaching Islam. His work on Tafseer-e-Qur’an is a great contribution for Quranic understanding. In this Tafseer the writer has also consulted books of other religions.He criticized orientalists but with politeness. There is dire need to spread this contribution of Moulana Siddiqui among the Muslims and especially the students of educational institutions.                                                                                              Key Words: Holy Qur’an, Hadith, Orientialists, Chiristianity, Judaism.            

Investigation of Work Surface Integrity and Process Optimization in Electrical Discharge Machining

Surface integrity is generally defined by its topological, mechanical, and metallurgical state of subsurface layers. Since the defects produced from different machining processes can affect the performance of component, experiments are conducted to understand the effect of changing operating parameters before new machining strategies are accepted. The MDS (minimum data set) data includes the basic surface topography that is normal in assessing a machining surface and some of the metallurgical measurements. High capital cost of WEDM equipment demands the need for optimal utilization of the capacity of WEDM process. Cutting speed (CS) is a basic performance indicator to meet this goal. However, WEDM process parameters have great impact on CS and as such productivity and machining efficiency. It is therefore necessary to choose appropriate combination of parameters to achieve higher CS. In this research, surface integrity was characterized by recast layer, surface morphology, microstructure and microhardness. Experimental investigation was carried out to determine significant wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters contributing to recast layer formation and its surface roughness (SR). Additionally, an empirical relationship between process parameters and cutting speed has been developed. Five cutting parameters selected to study their effects on surface integrity and cutting speed are wire speed, pulse (spark gap), pulse-on time, pulse ratio, and power. Machining conditions were varied systematically based on factorial design of experiments to explore influence of these process parameters on hardened high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel using molybdenum wire. Significant WEDM process parameters were identified through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Scanning electron microscope was used for recast layer, elemental analysis, morphology, and microstructures. To illustrate the effect of microstructure and compositional changes in the recast layer, micro-Vickers hardness testing of WEDMed surface was also performed. ANOVA results showed that pulse-on time and wire speed significantly affect recast layer. Topographical images showed presence of surface irregularities like micro-voids, craters, and globules which affect morphology of WEDMed surface. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs indicated the presence of three distinct layers namely recast layer (amorphous and columnar structure), heat-affected zone(HAZ) and bulk material. Energy dispersive spectroscopy ii (EDS) revealed that recast layer is free of alloying effects from molybdenum wire electrode. Surface layer was, however, found to be oxidized. A statistical model of CS was developed and validated through residual analysis and confirmatory experiments. Pulse ratio, power and pulse were the major process parameters significantly affecting CS as determined by ANOVA. Contour plots have also been developed to choose optimal process parameters. Stability of moly wire was studied employing SEM and EDS analysis. It was found that original surface quality and dimensions of moly wire are not affected by WEDM process. By virtue of this, dimensional accuracy of parts is ensured. Keywords: Cutting speed; HSLA steel; Moly wire; Process parameters; Surface integrity