معافی نامہ
ذواالفقار علی بھٹو جیل میںبیٹھے کچھ لکھ رہے تھے کہ ڈپٹی کمیشنر سعید مہدی نے اندر داخل ہو کر سلام کیا ۔بھٹو نے اوپر کی طرف دیکھ کر پوچھا کیوں آئے ہو ؟سعید مہدی نے کہا سر معافی نامے کے کاغذات لایا ہوں اس پر دستخط کر دیں ۔بھٹو نے کاغذ اپنے ہاتھ میں لیے اور پوچھا یہ کس نے بھیجا ہے ۔سعید مہدی نے جواب دیا جنرل ضیاء الحق نے ۔بھٹو نے مسکراتے ہو ئے پوچھا مجھے جا نتے ہو ۔سعید مہدی نے جواب دیا ’’سر آ پ کو کون نہیں جانتا ۔آپ ذواالفقار علی بھٹو ہیں ۔بھٹو نے پوچھا میرے باپ کو جانتے ہو اس نے کہا سر بالکل سر شاہنواز بھٹو کو بھی سب جا نتے ہں ۔بھٹو نے اوپر دیکھ کر پوچھا جنرل ضیاء الحق کے باپ کو جانتے ہو سعید مہدی نے نفی میں سر ہلا کر no sirبھٹو نے اس اسے کاغذات واپس دیتے ہوئے کہا جا ئو اسے کہو جس کے باپ کا کچھ پتہ نہیں ذواالفقار علی بھٹو اس سے معافی کی درخواست کیسے کرسکتا ہے ۔
E come across unpleasant news regarding people from different walks of lives. Teachers Judges, Doctors, Police Officers and so on are allegedly reported for committing malpractices and corruption. This is not the problem in our country. It is a worldwide problem. It is evident that the education which is given is not upto the mark. Though Civic education or value education is being given across the country but it has not been proven that much effective which can make character and personality of an individual strong engouh to stops a person from committing the mentioned wrongs. On the other hand Islamic perspective of Civic education is more comprehensive and covers different angles and aspects of human personality and life. Islam aims to make an individual internally disciplined in the manner where he/ she does not do right things and acts just because he/she is under the eye of Camera but he/she does the right act because he/ she is supposed to do so.
The present study was carried out in the experimental area of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan to evaluate the maize accessions for grain and fodder yield. Eighty maize accessions were collected from the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad and Maize and Millet Research Institute Sahiwal, Pakistan. Out of these 80 accessions twelve lines were selected on the basis of batter performance, heritability, genetic advance and higher genotypic correlation among cob length, cob diameter, grain rows per cob, 100-seed weight, grain yield per plant, green fodder yield, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic water use efficiency and leaf temperature at maturity stage from experiment 1. The selected parents were crossed following 6 × 6 North Carolina mating design II. The germplasm consisting of 12 parents and 36 crosses was evaluated in field experiment for grain, fodder yield, and then quality traits at maturity stage. It was concluded from present study that genotypes may be selected on the basis of their better performance of cob length, cob diameter, grain rows per cob, 100-seed weight, grain yield per plant, green fodder yield, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic water use efficiency and leaf temperature at maturity for grain and green fodder yield while fodder cellulose percentage, fodder crude protein percentage, ash percentage, grain oil percentage, embryo percentage, neutral detergent fibre percentage and fodder moisture percentage as quality for improvement of grain, fodder yield and quality. Higher male additive variance, female additive variance, male × female interaction were found for plant height, stem weight, green fodder yield, leaf weight, leaf length, leaf area, chlorophyll contents, sub-stomata CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, cob weight, stover weight, grain yield per plant, fodder crude fibre percentage, fodder crude protein percentage, nitrogen free extract percentage, acid detergent fibre percentage, neutral detergent fibre percentage and fodder cellulose percentage. Higher dominance effects and degree of dominance was found for leaf area, leaf temperature, leaf length, stem weight, green fodder yield, chlorophyll contents, sub-stomata CO2 concentration, photosynthetic rate, cob weight, 100-seed weight, grain yield per plant, fodder nitrogen free extract percentage, fodder crude fibre and protein percentage, fodder ash percentage, grain starch percentage, acid detergent fibre percentage, neutral detergent fibre percentage and fodder cellulose percentage. The inbred lines B-316, B-11, EV-340, Pop/209, B-336 and EV-1097 showed higher GCA for most of grain, fodder and quality traits which indicated that these lines may be used for the development of synthetic varieties. The F1 hybrids B-11×E-322, EV-1097×Pop/209, B- 327×F-96, B-336×B-316, EV-1097×E-322, B-327×E-340, Sh-139×Pop/209, EV-1097×EV- 340, EV-1097×B-316, Raka-poshi×Pop/209, B-336×EV-347, B-336×Pop/209, EV- 1097×Pop/209, B-316×E-340, Raka-poshi×F-96, B-327×Pop/209 showed higher SCA for most of grain, fodder and quality traits which indicated that these lines may be used in future for the development of hybrids and heterosis breeding programe.