عدالتی خلع اورپاکستانی عدالتوں کے فیصلوں کی روشنی میں اس کی قانونی بنیادیں Judicial Khul’ and its Legal Grounds in the light of Decisions of Pakistani Courts

The doctrine of Khul’ has, within the course of last few years, assumed a great deal of importance in Pakistan because literacy rate in women is increasing rapidly and their dependency on men is decreasing. Now, women can easily make their own decisions with free consent due to their some awareness about their rights, especially regarding dissolution of marriage. Majority of women is still ignorant about dissolution of marriage on the ground of Khul’. Therefore, it is very necessary to explain all different aspects of “doctrine of Khul’” for ensuring justice in our society. The present research has mainly explored the grounds of judicial Khul’ and other relevant incidents in the light of Pakistani Case Law based on Islamic family Law. The research is based primarily on the decisions of superior courts of Pakistan. The decisions of family courts of Pakistan have been included in the discussion. The relevant provisions of the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939 and the Family Courts Act, 1964 have also been debated. The difference between Khul’ and other modes of dissolution of marriage have also been elaborated briefly.

Growth-And-Obesity Vector-Roadmaps of the Pakistani Children

This dissertation fine-tunes earlier mathematical solutions of childhood obesity, proposed during 2013-2016, by fitting a parabolic curve to desired percentile trajectories originating at the age of the most-recent checkup and terminating at 10 years. Both height and mass percentiles are made to approach the reference percentile, as the child nears tenth birthday. As compared to ‘Growth-and-Obesity Scalar-Roadmap’, proposed in 2015, which tries to cover up height and mass deficiencies, totally, within half-a-year, ‘Growth-and-Obesity Vector-Roadmap’ sets up softer targets for height and mass management so that deficiencies are totally corrected at the age of ten years. These targets are expected to avoid unwanted stress on the body of a youngster and are in harmony with the fact that height gain represents tissue synthesis and must be managed through a process, which is quasistatic. ‘Growth-and-Obesity Vector-Roadmap’ is constructed from a series of height and mass measurements to least counts of 0.005 cm and 0.005 kg, respectively, obtained by reproducible anthopometrists following laid-down, standardized protocols — child barefoot, stripped to short underpants, elbows and knees not flexed, instructed to inhale completely. These measurements are fed in software to generate profiles for each checkup from the first to the most-recent one using ‘Extended CDC Growth Charts and Tables’, which have heights and masses listed for extreme percentiles. Values of height and mass percentiles at age of the most-recent checkup as well as the reference percentile are substituted in mathematical framework of the vector model to draw the desired percentile trajectories. Height- and massmonth-wise targets are determined by reading off values, where these trajectories intersect with lines parallel to the percentile (vertical) axis. These lines cross the age (horizontal) axis at the ages for which targets are proposed