کارڈز میں بیعِ صرف کی شرعی وفقہی حیثیت اور اس کی عملی تطبیق

Digital Cards in banking and non banking sector have been widely used and legally accepted in the world today.  They are not only safe and secure for business transactions but also easy to use. This new phenomena has raised many questions for Muslim jurists and Islamic legal scholars as whether or not their transactions are sharīʿah compliant. This paper attempts to study this new phenomenon and analyze the juristic literature in order to explain the Islamic legal status of the utilization of these cards.

Impact of Positive and Negative Word-Of-Mouth on Purchase Intention: Mediating Role of Loyalty and Attitude

Word-of-Mouth (WOM) is an effective promotional strategy for appealing consumers of fast food restaurants. A lot of consumers choose to receive information through WOM when planning to visit a certain fast food restaurant. Fast food industry is on growing day by day in Pakistan. There are numerous national and international fast food restaurant brands and a rigid competition among them in the country. Purpose of the study is to measure the impact of positive and negative WOM on purchase intention among consumers of fast food restaurants in Pakistan. Also, mediating roles of loyalty and attitude between WOM (i.e. positive and negative Word-of-Mouth) and purchase intention are measured. Convenience sampling technique with a sample size of 254 consumers is applied. A personally administered questionnaire with five point likert scale is used to collect data from consumers. Collected data is then analyzed by using multiple regression analysis via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Whereas, mediation effects are measured by Preacher and Hayes method. Results revealed that positive Word-of-Mouth (PWOM) has positive and significant impact on purchase intention (PI), loyalty, and attitude whether negative Word-of-Mouth (NWOM) has negative and significant impact on purchase intention, loyalty, and attitude. Other findings showed that loyalty and attitude have positive and significant impact on purchase intention towards a certain fast food restaurant. Study also exhibits partial mediation effect. Academic, managerial, and future implications are also discussed.