ذولفقار علی بھٹو کی سپریم کورٹ میں آخری تقریر
بعد ازاں اپیل کنندہ کے ذریعے عدالت میں ایک تحریری درخواست بھی پیش کی گئی تھی جس میں اس معاملے کے کچھ پہلوئوں پر ذاتی طور پر عدالت سے خطاب کرنے کے موقع کی درخواست کی گئی ۔ اس درخواست کی اجازت دی گئی اور اسی مناسبت سے اپیل کنندہ 1978 ء میں 18 سے 21 دسمبر تک ذاتی طور پر چار دن عدالت میں پیش ہوا ۔ اپیل کنندہ ذوالفقار علی بھٹو نے تقریباً بارہ گھنٹوں پر پھیلے ہوئے وسیع خطاب میں اپنے اوپر لگائے گئے الزامات سے انکار کیا جو کہ بے مقصد، مستغیث اعلیٰ احمد رضا قصوری نے قتل کے گواہ ہونے سے متعلق لگائے تھے۔ اس وقت کے فیڈرل سکیورٹی فورس کے ڈائریکٹر جنرل اور گواہ مسعود محمود جنھوں نے یہ بھی دعویٰ کیا کہ شواہد میں سازش کے جرم کے کسی ضروری اجزا کی موجودگی کا انکشاف نہیں کیا گیا۔ یعنی متفقہ طور پر شریک سازشیوں خصوصاً مسعود محمود کی طرف سے جس نے اپیل کنندہ کی جانب سے سختی سے استدعا کی تھی اپیل کنندہ نے اس پر تبصرہ کیا کہ گواہوں ،احمد رضا قصوری اور مسعود محمود کے ثبوت میں موروثی تضادات موجود ہیں اور عرض کیا کہ وہ ملک میں مارشل لاء کی مجبوری کے تحت کام کر رہے ہیں۔ انھوں نے کہا کہ اگر استغاثہ یہ چاہتا تھا کہ عدالت ملک میں بطور صدر اور وزیر اعظم اپنے عہدے کے دوران پاکستان میں موجود مبینہ معاشرتی حالت کا عدالتی نوٹس لے تو پھر اس طرح کا نوٹس بھی اس حقیقت پر لیا جانا چاہیے جو مارشل لاء کے تسلسل کے دوران مقدمے کی سماعت میں ثبوت اہم گواہ دے رہے تھے۔ انھوں نے سختی سے استدلال کیا کہ ان کے خلاف سارا مقدمہ جھوٹا اور من...
A child born with a soul of being, but has lack of personality. Actually personality comes with the effect of good education, guidance, squatter and environment in which a child lives. But literally due to the teachings of Hinduism or Buddhism or Christianity a human existence proves oneself with a personality. Even western civilization has an ideal concept of personality, but human personality has its very strong roots in Islamic teachings as Holy Qur’ān gives us a first-hand description about an “Ideal Personality”. According to the “Sunnah” of Prophet Muhammad (r) man has some qualities of “moderation” which can be the dominant in excess of his existence. So, man should establish equilibrium regards his personality. But there is need to create stability in education, society and politics on the basis of “moderation”. Islam lays a great emphasis on character building. Balanced personality is based on all the best qualities of head and heart. Our Holly Prophet’s (r) personality is an excellent example of balanced personality. In Islamic perspective just to accept the characteristics and Sunnah of Muhammad (r) can be equal to the modern word of personality. But have we absorbed the ultimate concept of personality? Which personality can we call an ideal personality? These two questions are very significant to wonder about on the concept of ideal personality. Every religion and civilization has its own true meaning of ideal personality, but besides all this according to Quran the ideal personality is concealed in a word “Sunnah”. The article highlights on basic characteristics of ideal personality in the light of teachings of Holly Prophet (r). Balanced and Moderate personality is the basic principle of Prophets Teachings
Polygonal designs, a class of partially balanced incomplete block designs (PBIBDs) with regular polygons, are useful in survey sampling in terms of balanced sam- pling plans excluding contiguous units (BSECs) and balanced sampling plans to avoid the selection of adjacent units (BSAs), when neighboring (contiguous or ad- jacent) units in a population provide similar information. The reason for using such designs is that the units that are physically close might be more similar than the distant units. By the use of such designs or plans we can select the units over the entire experimental region by avoiding the selection of units that provide es- sentially redundant information. In other words, these neighboring units are de- liberately excluded from being sampled under the idea that they provide little new information to the sampling effort. Searches for polygonal designs may be divided into two broad categories: those which attempts to prove the existence of polygonal designs with a given set of pa- rameters (v, k, λ, α), and those which attempts to construct (or enumerate) polygo- nal designs with a given set of parameters (v, k, λ, α). In this thesis, the construction of cyclic polygonal designs is generalized for the parameters: the distance α (or m), the concurrence (or index) parameter λ and the treatments v. The major reasons for introducing generalized cyclic polygonal designs in this thesis are that: (i) the existing literature considers the existence and the construction of cyclic polygonal designs only for the limited distance α, the concurrence param- eter λ and the treatments v; iii(ii) the existence and the construction of unequal block sized cyclic polygonal de- signs for distance α ≥ 1 has not been attempted in literature. In Chapter 1, an introduction to polygonal designs is given. A brief review on the existing work on polygonal designs is presented, and some limitations in the existing work are pointed out. In Chapter 2, the method of cyclic shifts is briefly described, and explained that how this method helps in the development of concurrence matrix (or concurrence vector) which is the main tool for the detection of the properties of cyclic polygonal designs. The distinguishing feature of this method is that the properties of a design can easily be obtained from the sets of shifts instead of constructing the actual blocks of the design. The pattern of off-diagonal zero elements (in bold form) from the main diagonal in a concurrence matrix (or in a concurrence vector) is useful in the identification of the distance in a cyclic polygonal design. In Chapter 3, minimal cyclic polygonal designs with block size k = 3 and λ = 1 are constructed for distance α = 1, 2, 3, . . . , 16 and for v < 100 treatments. In Chapter 4, the existence and construction of cyclic polygonal designs with block size k = 3, for λ = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and for α = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is considered, and complete solutions for v ≤ 100 treatments are presented. In Chapter 5, the existence and construction of minimal cyclic polygonal designs with unequal-sized blocks and λ = 1 is first ever introduced for distance α ≥ 1. In Chapter 6, the thesis is summarized and future directions for the extension of cyclic polygonal designs are proposed.