بلڈ بینک کا قیام اور انتقال خون کے مسئلہ کا ایک تحقیقی جائزہ قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں

Consideration of illness in the rulings of Islamic Sharia fully understands and estimates the danger and potential loss in case of illness. Islamic Sharia has given illness a complete consideration. Sometimes human needs blood which is important for life as is oxygen. Without blood, it’s not possible to survive. Blood is needed in certain amount and God has given us some surplus amount in the body which comes into action in case some blood is flowed from the body. This extra blood can save human life. Previously it was not possible to preserve the extra blood but now advancement of science has made it possible to save it and to use it to help some lives of other people. An ill person can be helped and saved by injecting the needed blood. Nowadays blood banks are working all over the world and are helping save lives of human beings. Blood transfusion is not only permitted rationally, ethically and traditionally but it is a matter of great reward to help humanity. So, establishing blood banks is purely a human activity and a very good thing. This article discusses blood banks and its establishment under the light of Islamic Sharia.

Development of a Quality Enhancement Training Model for University Teachers.

The progress of a nation depends upon quality of education .The quality of education is based on faculty at the university level. For achieving the quality education, professional development is an essential component. It is concerned with the creation of knowledge, utilization of knowledge and skills. The main concern of this study was to explore the situation about professional development of university teachers in Pakistan pertaining to (a) quality improvement initiative by teachers to do research on teaching (b) adoption of innovative methods of instructions (c) diversified student population which is not satisfied by the uniform teaching methods /styles. Moreover the study was aimed to provide a guideline for the training of teachers so that existing deficiencies can be removed through quality teaching methods/models. Higher Education Commission (HEC) has taken various encouraging steps for the training of teachers. But before 2000 the training of teachers at university level was not given due focus for one or other reasons .The teachers in higher education organizations carry two functions i.e. research and teaching. This study covers only one- aspect i.e. Pedagogical skills of teachers. There are various models of teacher training and some of them have been discussed in the study. Each of them has its own strengths and weaknesses but benefit can be taken from these models. The models have been analyzed in order to check feasibility for quality teaching at university level. The quality of higher education is related with the competency of academic staff. In order to enhance the quality of teaching staff, there is an acute need to arrange the concurrent training session for teachers. With the creation of knowledge, abrupt changes are taking place which results into continuous changes of curriculum. To update the knowledge of teachers in relation to modified curriculum and enhance pedagogical skills, training is required. Although various incentives have been given to the university teachers by the HEC to enhance the quality of learning and teaching at higher education but there is a need to further strengthen the training programmes. Teacher training is one of the key issues of developing countries. Higher quality of training leads to improve the students learning in addition to enhance the performance of teachers. On the basis of the reviewing of literature a model of training on quality enhancement of university teachers has been developed.