تاویل نصوص کی شرعی حیثیت

The two fundamental sources of Islam are the Qur’an and Sunnah (Life) of the Hope Prophet (peace be upon him). Rulings and Legal interpretation are based in light of these two sources, and these two sources are used to determine the correct way of living. Some rulings are clear cut and explicit without any need for interpretation, while other rulings are not so clear cut and are very vague and open to multiple interpretations. Sometimes, in order to understand these vague rulings, there is a need to use different construed methods of interpretations, so that these commandments can become easier to understand and explain. The meaning of construed here is to use those interpretations which is not used commonly in order to explain the verse of life style of the beloved messenger. However, this is not something that any average human being can do, rather one must be a scholar of the highest caliber and have expertise in the field of interpretation. Additionally, the construed interpretation must be valid according to the principles of interpretation, and must have been used before in a previous interpretation. One other thing to note here is that there are many different types of taweel i.e construed interpretations. Some are correct while others are incorrect. This is why it is important to know and understand the correct use of construing and non-construing interpretations in the field of Islamic jurisprudence, so that one can differentiate between the two. Another tragedy of today is that every person thinks that they should and do have the ability to interpret the Qu’ran and the Sunnah on their own, and without any expertise in interpretation, come up with and begin to interpret the Qur’an on their own. This results in wrong interpretations, which not only misguides the individual, but countless others as well. This is a fact that the many different sects in Islam considered deviant by the majority, they all have begun with incorrect and deviant understandings and interpretations on the sacred texts in Islam.

Molecular Characterization of Local Strains of Plasmodium Vivax Based on Pvcsp Gene

Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent species and always remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in endemic areas, accounting for at least 65 ? 70% of all cases happening in Pakistan. However, Pakistan is deadly lacking information about the structure, role in drug resistance and population of P.vivax species. To get knowledge about the parasitic origin and diversity of P.vivax, the study of its population genetics is necessary. The PvCsp gene is considered as highly polymorphic in nature and much important for the survival of P.vivax under severe pressures of the environment in different areas. Also for the development of vaccine, this gene has been identified as a potential candidate. The present study focused at the investigation of the structure of the P. vivax populace through the diversity of PvCsp gene. To get the nucleotides sequences of the PvCsp gene, DNA extraction, PCR and Sanger sequencing of P.vivaxsamples collected from local areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.The sequences were aligned and analyzed by using Geneious prime and Bio Edit software. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using ML tree and neighbor joining tree methods. Many nucleotide differences, repeats, deletions were found at different places in the PvCsp.The study provided a lot of information about the variations or mutations in the PvCsp gene of our localP.vivaxstrains. It is concluded that local P. vivax strains of federal area of Pakistan depicted significant variations as compared to the Reference sequences. Therefore\, it is suggested that prevailing P. vivax strains of federal areas of Pakistan might be categorized as a different strain which need further investigations.