کمپیوٹر عصر حاضر کی اہم ضرورت
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’ کمپیوٹر عصر حاضر کی اہم ضرورت‘‘
کمپیوٹر عقلِ انسانی کا اک انعام ہے
زندگی کا سہل اس کے دم سے ہر اک کام ہے
صدرِذی وقار!
قوموں کی زندگی میں کچھ لمحات ایسے آتے ہیں جو ان کی زندگی میں امر ہو جاتے ہیں۔ قرآنِ پاک میں ہے کہ انسان کے لیے کائنات کی ہر چیز مسخر کر دی گئی ہے۔ ہر چیز انسان کے تابع ہے، انسان جب چاہے، جہاں چاہے اور جیسے چاہے کائنات کے ذرے ذرے پرحکومت کر سکتا ہے، قرآن پاک کی اس آیت نے اہل لب کی زندگی میں انقلاب برپا کر دیا، اور کمپیوٹر کو دیکھ کر قرآن پاک کی یہ حقیقت تو اور بھی الم نشرح ہو جاتی ہے کہ کائنات کی ہر چیز مسخر کر دی گئی ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
کمپیوٹر عصر حاضر کی اہم ضرورت ہے ، یہ ہمارے لاکھوں مسائل حل کر دیتی ہے۔ کمپیوٹر کی ایجاد ایک ایسی ایجاد ہے کہ ہماری بے شمار مشکلات آناًفا ناًدرست انداز میں حل کر دیتی ہے، یہ اعدادوشمار کو جمع کرنے اور ان کا تقابلی جائزہ لینے کے کام بھی آتا ہے، دوسرے الفاظ میں اس کی اپروچ اور ڈاٹا کاعمل انسانی دماغ سے کئی گنا بہتر اور جلدحل ہوجاتا ہے یہ معلومات کو print کرنے کی صلاحیت بھی رکھتا ہے۔
صدرِ ذی وقار!
کمپیوٹر عصر حاضر میں اللہ تعالیٰ کا انعام ہے، ایک عظیم نعمت ہے، ایک نفع بخش ایجاد ہے، جس طرح اللہ تعالیٰ نے دنیا کے لیے اپنی نعمتوں کی فراوانی فرمائی ہے، اپنے انعاماتِ رفیعہ سے عوام النّاس کو نوازا...
There has been little academic research on Pakistan’s political economy for some decades now. Analysis of transition, structural transformations and their resulting impact on the formation of social classes have been missing. Zaidi1 correctly notes that “Akhtar’s is amongst the very few, and most recent contribution that provides a substantive understanding of Pakistan’s political economy”. Some of the key questions, not answered completely or avoided all together in Akhtar’s book, especially those that relate to the subject of religious class/or Islamization and the notion of secularism and secularist elite, have been raised by Akbar S Zaidi in his brilliant review of Akhtar’s book. The present review focuses on more substantive theoretical and empirical issues raised by Akhtar’s class analysis of Pakistan’s political economy. Framed
The experiment was carried out in a net house in the University of Peshawar Pakistan, to find out the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation along with application of various levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of rock phosphate (RP) fertilizer on growth and yield of selected sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) in Pdeficient soil. The results revealed that AM fungi effectively promoted the productivity of sunflower hybrids and proved their role as bio-fertilizer. It was noted that dual use of AMF and low-moderate dose of rock phosphate has profound effect regarding plant height, root length, number of leaves/plant, leaf size, head diameter, seed number/ head, seeds weight/head, dry weight of plant, oil content, fatty acid content, mycorrhizal dependency, proximate and mineral composition of the sunflower as compared to control non-inoculated plants. While, at high RP level (RP3) the non mycorrhizal plants outperformed. However the response varied in different hybrids. As far as hybrid response is concerned Hysun-33 performed better in most of the measured aspects as compared to other hybrids. Proximate analysis showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in crude protein, crude fats, moisture, ash and crude fiber content in mycorrhizal plant, however carbohydrates content was reduced. Rock phosphate fertilization showed no significant effect on nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) uptake however phosphorus (P) uptake increases with increasing RP levels in both AMF inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The findings also provided useful information on oil yield and its fatty acid profiles as affected by AMF inoculation. The present study strongly suggests that the AMF-rock phosphate combination produces better results in the enhancement of the oil content of sunflower hybrids even in P-deficient soils. It was noted that the use of AMF along with low doses of rock phosphate promote mono unsaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid), while the use of AMF along with high doses of rock phosphate bring increase in the production of saturated fatty acids like Palmitic acid and stearic acid in sunflower seeds. It has been observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) plants, which decreases progressively with increasing fertility level, less number of spores and percent root colonization was found at high (RP3) level in all hybrids. Higher P doses declined the sporulation and colonization. Seven AMF species were recorded. The dominant genus was Acaulospora followed by Glomus, Sclerocystis and Gigaspora. The average AMF spore densities ranged from 56-260 spores/ 100gm soil while root colonization ranged from 32-100 %. Mycorrhizal enhancement regarding AMF spore density and root colonization followed RP0>RP1>RP2>RP3 trend in all hybrids. All selected sunflower hybrids were more responsive to mycorrhizal association but degree of dependency also varies according to rock phosphate levels. This study clearly indicates the potential of using indigenous biofertilizer such as AMF for oil seed crops in low fertility soils, to achieve adequate production level with least utilization of synthetic fertilizers for sustainable agriculture practice. The use of biofertilizer is not only eco-friendly but also economical as it reduces our dependence on expensive chemical fertilizers.