ڈاکٹرخاں
پاکستان میں ڈاکٹرخاں صاحب کا دردانگیز واقعۂ شہادت ایک ایسا سانحۂ عظیم ہے کہ شرافت وانسانیت اُس کا جس قدر بھی ماتم کرے کم ہے۔مرحوم ہندوستان کی جنگ آزادی کے صفِ اول کے سپاہی اورمجاہد تھے۔اس راہ میں انھوں نے کامل عزم واستقلال اور ہمت وجوانمردی کے ساتھ جوسختیاں جھیلی ہیں اورپٹھانوں میں جو ڈسپلن اورضبط ونظم پیداکیا ہے وہ ان کے کردار اورصفتِ قیادت کاآئینہ دارہے۔مرحوم صرف جنگ آزادی کے مردِ میدان ہی نہیں تھے۔ بلکہ ایک مثالی حکمراں بھی تھے۔سادگی ،خلوص ودیانت ،محنت وجفاکشی،حق پسندی وعدل گستری،بے لوث خدمتِ بنی نوع انسان ۔ان صفات وکمالات کے باعث پاکستان کی سیاست کے موجودہ دور اختلال وانتشار میں تنہا ایک مرحوم کی ذات تھی جن کوعوام کااعتماد حاصل تھااورجن کے خلوص ودیانت پربڑے سے بڑا سیاسی مخالف بھی حرف گیری نہیں کرسکتا تھا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ آں مرحوم کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے اوران کے مراتب بلند کرے۔[جون ۱۹۵۸ء]
Background: Ethical and moral values form the basis of the environment in any academic institution. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the ethical and moral issues faced by medical students during their undergraduate medical education in Pakistan. Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted at ABWA Medical College, Faisalabad. It included thirteen semi-structured, one-to-one interviews of volunteering undergraduate medical students of Punjab, Pakistan, from September 2021 to February 2022. The interview invitation was sent electronically to social media groups. Member checking of transcribed interviews was done, and data were analyzed thematically using Atlas-ti software by two independent researchers. Results: Thematic data analysis led to the formation of 28 codes, 13 subthemes, and 3 main themes. Based on the social constructive approach, three main themes were categorized into ethical issues in (1) academic, (2) social, and (3) clinical contexts. Conclusions: The results showed that undergraduate medical students face a myriad of ethical and moral disruptions during their undergraduate study period at medical college. Much awareness about identifying and dealing with such issues is recommended to bring more quality to the program.
Dielectric Characterization Using High Q Microwave Resonators This dissertation presents a very efficient and robust method of dielectric characterization through high quality factor resonant structures. The resonant structures employed in this work acts as sensing elements which are not only cost effective but also easy to integrate with other components for System-in-Package applications. These sensors work on the principle of resonant perturbation theory due to which there is a shift in resonant frequency and change in bandwidth as soon as they are loaded with a sample material. This perturbation is relative to the dielectric properties of the loaded material hence through prior calibration unknown parameters of the sample material can be determined with excellent accuracy. Two classes of sensors based on Dielectric Resonator (DR) and Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavity are reported. The DR sensor offers high accuracy and excellent repeatability with straight forward MUT loading mechanism. The TM01δ resonant mode is excited to keep maximum E-field concentration in the middle of DR. This arrangement ensures maximum perturbation of the DR when the sample material is loaded. Organic liquid mixtures as well as powdered chemicals are measured for their concentration using this DR. SIW cavity is another structure which is investigated for dielectric characterization application of solids and in particular to estimate moisture content in a single wheat kernel. The wheat kernel is loaded inside cavity through a hole drilled in the appropriate location that results in shifting the resonant frequency of SIW cavity which is operated in TE101 or TE102 resonant mode. High quality factor and planar topology of SIW is very attractive for such applications. A relatively different technique of liquid characterization by varying the coupling coefficient of an SIW filter is also proposed. A two pole SIW filter is used in which the two resonators are coupled through a stub line. The sample is mounted on the coupling section of the filter resulting in the variation of the coupling coefficient and xi this variation is proportional to the electrical properties of the liquid under test, thus through prior calibration the liquid mixture concentration is determined. All the proposed techniques in this work can be easily transformed into a standalone handheld device by integrating peripheral electronics for measurements. Since the resonant perturbation technique is applied in association with the standard reference samples which are used for calibrating the system prior to its usage therefore, the handheld system does not require very high precision RF components.