An Analytical Study of Hazrat Abdul Rehman (RA) Ibn Samara As Conqueror of Balochistan

Hazrat Abdul Rehman (may Allah be pleased with him) belonged to Arab tribe of Quraish and was a close relative of Mohammad (peace be upon him). At the time of conquest of Makkah He (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the circle of Islam. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the companions of Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) who came to sub-continent specially Balochistan in order to preach for Islam and Jihad during the Khilafat of orthodox caliphs. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Balochistan twice for Jihad and conquests first during the Khilafat of Hazrat Usman (may Allah be pleased with him) and second time in the early era of Hazrat Muawia (may Allah be pleased with him). He (may Allah be pleased with him) played a vital role in the wars of Balochistan. He (may Allah be pleased with him) established Zehri his abode and capital after conquering Kalat, Khuazdar (Sajistan), Kachi, Gandhava, and Chaghi, and from here he expanded the series of his conquests till Kabul and Qandar. Besides this, he included many areas of sub-continent in the Islamic empire of conquered areas. His (may Allah be pleased with him) life is consists of great chapters of sincerity in deeds. Wisdom and valor, determination fearlessness, strife, hospitality, simplicity and patience. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the great generals of Islam had the honour to have carried the message of Holy faith in every corner of Balochistan in tough and unfavorable conditions and planted the flag of Islam in Balochistan forever.  

Pedagogical Adaptive Hypermedia Based System for Mathematics at Secondary Level

Hypermedia systems give freedom of navigation to the users but majority of them give same view to all of them. In this regard, adaptive hypermedia provides solution to this problem through personalisation. E-learning can also be made effective by adapting the needs and background of learners. PAHMS (pedagogical adaptive hypermedia based educational system for mathematics at secondary level) provides adaptive presentation of content and adaptive navigation by adapting the preferences and educational background of learners. It also provides the facility of adaptive peer’s searching. In this way, it reduces the cognitive overload of learners and prevent them being lost in hyperspace of the system. This thesis describes the development of PAHMS. This system provides pedagogy of mathematics following curriculum designed by Ministry of Education, Pakistan to both in-service and student teachers. Pedagogy comprises of application of famous teaching methods in different branches of mathematics with examples. It also describes complete procedures along with merits and demerits of these methods. E-learning objects including instructional, collaborative and assessment objects for the pedagogy have been developed as well. Effectiveness of PAHMS has been ascertained through survey research conducted from the teachers of mathematics at secondary level. Majority of them gave positive response about the system.