حدیقۃ العجائب
التحریر چوک کے ایک حصے میں ایک بڑی اور عالی شان عمارت ایستادہ تھی میں نے دکتور محمود سے پوچھا یہ کیا ہے بولے ھذاٰ حدیقۃ العجائب ۔عجائب گھر پر نگاہ ڈالی تو مسافر کے دل میں تحریر چوک کی قدرو منزلت سوا ہو گئی جہاں عصرِ حاضر کے مصری نوجوان بہتر مستقبل کے لیے عصری فرعونوں سے نبرد آزما ہوتے ہیں اور ماضی کے فرعونوں کو بہ طور عبرت اپنی آغوش میں جگہ دی ہے ۔ عجائب گھر میں داخلے کے لیے ٹکٹ لینا ضروری تھا ۔مسافر کو اہلِ فراعنہ کی لاشوں اور لکی ایرانی سرکس کے جانوروں میںکوئی فرق محسوس نہ ہوا سچ کہا میرے رب نے ’’اب تو ہم صرف تیر ی لاش بچائیں گے تاکہ تو بعد کی نسلوںکے لیے نشانِ عبرت بنے ‘‘۔
غیر ملکیوںکے لیے یہ ٹکٹ تین سو مصری پائونڈ کا تھا مصریوں کے لیے ایک سو پچاس جبکہ مصری طالب علموں کے لیے ساٹھ مصری پائونڈ ۔ دکتور محمود نے کوئی جگاڑ لگایااورہم بغیر ٹکٹ کے اندر داخل ہو گئے عجائب گھر کی مرکزی عمارت کے سامنے ایک بہت بڑے دالان میں کچھ ٹوٹے ہوئے اور خراب مجسمے رکھے گئے تھے ،ان کے درمیان میں پیادہ روشیں بنائی گئی تھیں یہ تما م پیادہ روشیں عجائب گھر کی مرکزی عمارت تک جا کر ایک بڑے رستے کی شکل اختیار کر لیتی ہیں ۔یہاں سے ہم سیڑھیاں چڑھے تو ایک خود کار مشین کے ذریعے تلاشی بھی لی گئی ۔صدر دروازے سے گزر کر ہم ایک بڑے ہال میں داخل ہوئے۔ جہاں اہل فراعنہ کے کئی میٹر طویل مجسمے اس انداز میں رکھے گئے تھے جیسے ان کا دربار لگا ہو اور امورِ سلطنت پر اجلاس جاری ہو ۔میں نے ایک قوی ہیکل فرعونی مجسمے کے قریب جا کر دکتور محمود کوکہا...
Najeeb Al-Kailani is a famous Egyptian Islamic writer. He was immensely impressed by Iqbal’s philosophy. He was absorbed in the study of Islamic literature in the early days of his life and dared to write many articles in various magazines, touching various aspects of Iqbal’s poetry. Al-Kailani then by maintaining his interest in Iqbal’s poetry, was compelled to write the book entitled إقبال الشاعر الثائر"”, (Iqbal, the Revolutionary poet). He was awarded with prize by ministry of education and training, and in 1977 President of Pakistan General Muhammad Ziaul haq awarded him gold medal. This article highlighted the impact of Allama Muhammad Iqbal in al-Kailani’ book and analyzed its text by refereeing it to the original poetry of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. This article concluded that Kailani’s book is finest and comprehensive book, which demonstrated the life and philosophy of Allama Muhammad Iqbal.
The wild edible fruit (WEFs) occupy key position among economically important plants throughout the world. The use of WEFs seems more common and widespread in food insecure countries including underdeveloped and developing countries. Many species of WEFs plays important in curing various disorders due to diversity of bioactive compounds including antioxidants. Pakistan has rich diversity of WEFs commonly grows in tropical, sub-tropical, temperate and alpine forests, plains and deserts of the country. The present study is aimed to analyze the nutritional and antioxidant potential commonly used WEFs with special emphasis on mineral diversity, proximate composition, energy content, bioactive compounds (Ascorbic acids and carotenoids) and free radical scavenging activity using various assays. During field surveys, Important WEFs were collected from various regions of Pakistan and identified using flora of Pakistan. The fully ripened fruits were processed and preserved using good laboratory practices. In analytical methods, minerals including P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd, Cr and Cu) were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Proximate composition including Moisture Content (MC), Dry Matter (DM), Ash Content (AC), Crude Lipids (CL), Total Dietary Fibre (TDF), Crude Proteins (CP), Total Available Carbohydrates (TAC) and Gross Calorific Value (GCV) were determined using standard methods. Free radical scavenging activity was determined using different assays including Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Scavenging (DPPH) and Phosphomolybdenium Reduction (PMR). For confirmation of potential compounds, Ascorbic acids and carotenoids were determined using HPLC techniques. a total of 23 WEFs belonging to 12 families commonly used in Pakistan were selected. Most of the species belong Rosaceae and Moraceae (4pecies) followed by Capprifoliaceae and Solanaceae (represented 4 species). The majority of species showed rich content of Potassium (K) except Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia monacantha having Calcium whereas Solena amplexicaulis, Rosa moschata Rosa webbiana and Rubus anatolicus were rich in Phosphorus (P). Among heavy metals, Cd was detected in Sambucus wightiana, Pistacia khinjuk, Lonicera quinquelocularis, Ribes orientale. In proximate composition, majority of WEFs showed highest percentage of moisture content except Sambucus wightiana having dry matter ((85.17 ± 4.902%). The highest free energy was reported in Pistacia khinjuk (580.82±13.03 k.cal/100g DW) followed by Rosa moschata (418.02±20.7 k.cal/100g DW). The highest vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) was determined in Rubus anatolicus (740.72±50.32 mg/100g) followed by Rosa webbiana (669.17±56.08 mg). In free radical scavenging activities of WEFs, aqueous extracts showed maximum antioxidant activities. The commonly isolated carotenoids were alltrans-β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene-5, 6-epoxide, all-trans-ɛ-carotene, all-trans-γ- carotene, all-trans-β-carotene and 13-cis-β-carotene. The present study provides baseline data on commonly used WEFs in rural communities of Pakistan. The study concludes that reported species are enriched with nutrients that can fulfil the nutrition requirements among human populations.