زنا کے معاشرتی اثرات اور حد کی تنفیذ کا نبوی منہج: تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Adultery, immorality and sexual misconduct is a major crime, which has been condemned in all previous legislations sent by Allah, ancient nations, the bedouin tribes and in Islamic law. The religion of Islam not only forbids adultery, rather it prohibits going even near the causes leading to it. From medicinal point of view, adultery may cause AIDS, herpes etc. The word “zina” means to have sexual relationship without a marriage contract. Its synonyms in Arabic are: al bigha, al safah, al anat, and al fahisha.  Islam imposes punishment on unmarried people committing adultery. According to Imam al shaf’i, the punishment is one hundred lashes for both man and the woman, and exile for one year. Whereas Imam Abu Hanifa only imposes one hundred lashes. For a married adulterer, the punishment is hundred lashes and death by stoning. Rest of the jurists unanimously agree that they will only be stoned to death. Majority of the scholars agree that if a concubine commits adultery, she will be giving fifty lashes. According to Saeed bin Musayyib, she will be beaten in order to teach her decent manners. In order to impose the punishment of zina on someone, it will be ensured that the adulterer is an adult, the woman should not be from a country who is at war with the Muslims, she is alive and the adultery has taken place in a Muslim country. Among the the repulsive results of adultery are spread of sexually transmitted diseases, increase in number of illegitimate children, lesser percentage of legitimate children and increase in crimes. One of the factors pointing towards the prohibition of zina is that it has been   forbidden since early Islam and a severe punishment has been imposed on it. Of the vices of zina is the mixing up of lineages.  Our society today is flooded with immoral behaviour, which is endangering our “iman” and “yaqeen” and is driving our society towards destruction. This wave of immorality has reached the elite of the society and it is obligatory upon every individual to put his share in stopping it.

Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from a Pemc Circular Cylinder Placed under Wide Double Wedge

A new wedge diffraction function, called as Naveed-Naqvi-Hongo (NNH) wedge diffraction function, is derived and evaluated asymptotically by applying the steepest descent method. It is found that the total field with NNH solution is continuous at the shadow boundaries and gives the well known non-uniform expression for the observa- tion point far from the shadow boundaries. Numerical comparison of NNH solution is made with exact series solution and Pauli-Kouyumjian-Pathak (PKP) result. It is found that the agreement among these three is fairly well. In contrast to the ex- pressions proposed by Kouyoumjian and Pathak, the NNH solution does not need the parameters to switch for the region of validity, hence it is easier to make a numerical code. The validity of NNH wedge diffraction function is further checked by evaluating the diffracted field from a geometry which contains an infinite slit in a perfect electric conducting (PEC) plane. It is further extended to a more complex geometry consisting of two parallel PEC wedges and a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) circular cylinder which is placed under the PEC wide double wedge. It is found that by using the NNH solution, the results evaluated for some special cases, including the trans- mission coefficient of PEC slit, are in fairly good agreement with the published work. The transmission coefficient and the diffraction pattern of PEC wide double wedge is studied and elaborated by considering a geometry consisting of a coated PEMC cylin- der placed under the two parallel wedges. The cylinder is coated with double positive (DPS) or double negative (DNG) materials. Finally, a comparison of the transmission coefficient of PEC geometry, as evaluated by using NNH solution, is made with the geometry of more practical nature, that is, an impedance slit