ساغر میں اک پھول کھلا ہے
سارا جنگل مہک اُٹھا ہے
ٹہنی ٹہنی سوکھ چلی ہے
پتّا پتّا خشک ہوا ہے
ہر سو تَنہائی کا عالَم
ہر کوئی تنہا تنہا ہے
شہر کی سڑکیں تو ٹھنڈی ہیں
لیکن میرا دل جلتا ہے
کیسی دہشت پھیل گئی ہے
انساں انساں سے ڈرتا ہے
جنگل ، گلشن ، ندیا ، طوفاں
ہم نے بھی کیا کیا دیکھا ہے!
سونے جیسے کھیت کھڑے تھے
بے موسم بادل برسا ہے
شعر نہیں یہ سننے والے
تو پھیکی غزلیں کہتا ہے
میری مانو اب سو جائو
جانے کب سے جاگ رہا ہے
It is unique and high distinction of the Muslim Ummah that they have saved the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). There have been high profile scholars who had dedicated their lives for the investigation of veracity and authenticity of Ḥadīths. They have been sifting the narrators of Ḥadīths through the myriad of resources to endorse or reject the authenticity of Ḥadīths. Amongst these eminent scholars, Imām Abū Ḥātim and Imām Abū Zur'ah, who made great contribution in the field of Elal Ḥadīth. Both criticized Aḥādīth some of which are quoted in Sahih Imām Bukhārī and Sahih Imām Muslim. Both books have always been taken as an authentic source for the veracity of Aḥādīth. However, they have pointed out a few such aspects which are vital for keeping the veracity and authenticity of Aḥādīth. This article is an attempt to study those Aḥādīth as quoted in the two above mentioned books and were criticized by Imām Abū Ḥātim and Abū Zur’ah in their book Elal Ḥadīths, by comprising with sayings of the concerned scholars. The most accurate aspect has been elaborated.
This doctoral thesis is primarily comprised on the analytical and numerical analysis of the electrostatic dynamic potential associated with a moving test particle in the three disciplines of quantum plasmas namely semi-conductors, astrophysical dusty and relativistic quantum plasmas in the presence of homogenous magnetic field. The study of four aspects of electrostatic potential in quantum plasmas is presented based on the published work. A qualitative analysis of dispersive properties in homogeneous magnetized plasmas is done with fluid approach known as Quantum Hydrodynamic model. Above all, wake potential is studied in the semi-conductor quantum plasmas where an external source of electron beam is taken for exciting the plasma wave. Next, the dense quantum dusty plasma system is taken for the study of wake potential taking into account the quantum effects exhibited by the Fermi pressure, tunneling and exchange-correlation potential of the Fermi particles. Afterwards, the relativistic quantum plasma system is taken for the study of interesting characteristics of wake potential where tunneling potential is ignored in the comparison of Fermi pressure. The behavior of the linear potential is observed similar in the non relativistic plasma either for semiconductor or dusty plasma with a natural difference of higher density. While in relativistic quantum plasma, a subsonic potential is noticed contrary to the supersonic potential existing in non-relativistic plasmas. At the end, linear and KdV type nonlinear cases are studied at very high magnetic field taking into account the Landau quantization of magnetic field. The structural characteristics of the potential pulse and of the associated electric field strongly depend on the magnetic field, in addition to the quantum parameter H= ħ??? 2????? .