قاضی ظہورالحسن ناظمؔ سیوہاروی
افسوس ہے گزشتہ مہینہ قاضی ظہور الحسن صاحب ناظمؔ سیو ہاری نے داعی اجل کولبیک کہا۔ مرحوم رشتہ میں راقم الحروف کے ماموں تھے۔بڑے ذہین، طباع،بذلہ سنج اورقادرالکلام شاعر تھے۔فن پربڑاعبور تھا۔تاریخ گوئی میں توشاید ہی اُن کاکوئی جواب ہو۔اس خاص کمال کی وجہ سے نظام حیدرآباددکن کے دامنِ دولت سے وابستہ ہوگئے اورعرصہ تک وظیفہ پاتے رہے۔غالباً۱۹۲۸ء میں جب ’’نظام‘‘ گورنمنٹ انڈیا سے برارکا معاملہ طے کرنے دلّی آئے تھے تومرحوم نے اس تقریب سے ایک عجیب وغریب قصیدہ لکھا تھا جس میں ۱۹ اشعارتھے اور ہرشعر سے سات طرح دلّی آنے کی تاریخ نکلتی تھی۔پھر لطف یہ تھا کہ ہرشعر کے پہلے حرف کوملائیے تواُسی بحر اوراُسی ردیف وقافیہ کاایک شعرہوجاتا تھا اوراس سے بھی سات طرح تاریخ برآمد ہوتی تھی۔نظام نے اس پر خوش ہوکر ان کے منصب میں اضافہ کردیا اوراب وہ مستقلاً حیدرآباد میں رہنے لگے تھے۔ علاوہ بریں اُن کو تصنیف وتالیف کا بھی بڑا متنوع ذوق تھا۔ تاریخ،فقہ،ادب و تنقید، لسانیات، شعروشاعری ان میں سے ہرموضوع پرانھوں نے کتابیں لکھی ہیں۔آخر میں اردو کی انسائیکلو پیڈیا لکھنی شروع کی تھی جوناتمام رہ گئی۔اخلاقی اعتبار سے خوش مزاج اورخندہ روبزرگ تھے۔لطائف وظرائف سینکڑوں کی تعداد میں یاد تھے اور انھیں موقع و محل کے لحاظ سے مزے لے لے کرسناتے تھے۔نماز باجماعت پڑھتے تھے اورادووظائف کاشغل بھی رکھتے تھے۔بزرگان دیوبند کے صحبت یافتہ اوران کے نام کے عاشق تھے۔دنیوی معاملات میں بھی بڑی سوجھ بوجھ رکھتے تھے۔اللھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ۔
[مئی۱۹۶۰ء]
This research is focused on press-government relationship on the issue of ‘War on Terrorism’ (WoT) during the dictatorial regime led by the then military ruler General Pervez Musharraf who remained in power till 2008 in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Global war against terrorism, generally known as ‘war on terror’ was actually started by the United States of America in the aftermath of 9/11 episode in 2001. Pakistan, on US demand, had not only become an important ally of the grand alliance formed under the umbrella of the United States but had also adopted the role of a frontline state just to fight the war against terrorism (WoT) alongside the war allies. Generally mass media have the potential to influence public opinion and help reshape the states’ policies on different issues. Likewise, mass media of Pakistan also took an active part in the war either by going alongside the then dictatorial government or against it. This research is based on examining the way the Urdu language elite press, the most popular mass media of Pakistan, covered the dictatorial regime of President General Pervez Musharraf with regard to its policy on the issue of ‘WoT’. Main purpose of this study is to know the nature of relationship between the Urdu-language elite press and the dictatorial government of Gen Musharraf in Pakistan with regard to their policy positions on ‘WoT’ from 2001 to 2008. Three newspapers including daily Jang, daily Nawa-I-Waqt, and daily Pakistan, considered to be representatives of the Urdu-language elite press of Pakistan, were selected for this study. The method used to measure the phenomenon is called framing where contents of the selected dailies were measured both quantitatively and qualitatively. Data were collected through systematic sampling method, while coding sheet was used as a tool for data collection. Unsigned main editorials of the selected newspapers were analyzed to examine the nature of relationship existed between the two entities i.e. The Urdu-language elite press, and the dictatorial government of Gen Pervez Musharraf, on the issue of ‘WoT’ in Pakistan. The results revealed that the selected elite newspapers, in general, remained critical to the dictatorial regime on the issue of ‘WoT’. The findings also revealed that daily Nawa-I-Waqt remained highly critical to the government as compared to its other contemporaries i.e. Daily Jang, and daily Pakistan. It was also revealed that the Urdu-language elite press while framing the ‘War on Terror’ remained somewhat supportive and rarely neutral to the dictatorial regime on it policy on ‘WoT’.
In this dissertation, a new semi analytical technique has been developed to determine the transformed solutions of non-Newtonian fluids subject to different circumstances involving fractional derivatives. The unsteady motion of viscoelastic fluids, such as Walters’-B fluid, Maxwell fluid, Oldroyd-B fluid and Burgers’ fluid involving fractional derivatives has been discussed with the developed technique. This semi analytical technique has less computational effort and time cost compared to other existing schemes in the literature. In Chapter 2, Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative have been developed to study the heat and mass transfer of free convective motion of Walters’-B fluid through an infinite porous vertical plate in the presence of magnetic field. In Chapter 3, the approximate solutions for velocity field and shear stress of a Maxwell fluid using Caputo fractional derivatives have been developed. In Chapter 4 and 5, Caputo fractional derivative has been developed to study velocity field and shear stress in an infinite long circular cylinder subject to an Oldroyd-B fluid and Burgers’ fluid, respectively.