Examining the Issue of Identity in Ayisha Malik’s Novel “Sofia Khan is Not Obliged” Through Homi K. Bhabha’s Concepts of ‘Hybridity, Ambivalence and Mimicry’

This paper studies Ayisha Malik’s Sofia Khan is not obliged from postcolonial perspective. The paper studies the novel from the view of the discourse presented by Homi K. Bhabha. The novel was published in 2015. The story revolves around a girl of Muslim ethnicity from Pakistan named Sofia Khan. She is living in London and is working there in a publishing company. The story is about the adventures of protagonist; her experiences and views the London from her perspective. The paper analyzes the characters and the main events from the research method of textual analysis. The study finds that the concept proposed by Bhabha, very much plays an operative role (viable role) on the British-Muslim- characters in their attempt to assimilate into their Host/Home country. It concludes that how these Muslim characters locate agency in the “in between space” within the process of mimicry and negotiate their identity in their effort to assimilate in colonizer’s space.

Microbiological Assessment of Fresh Juices Vended in Different Areas of Kamoke City in Pakistan: A Case Study

This study was designed for the evaluation of quality of fresh juices of lemon, prune-tamarind and sugar cane sold in the local market of Kamoke city (Distt. Gujranwala) of Pakistan. The samples were analyzed for determination of type of bacteria present in these juices and their total load. Total ten samples were collected from local shops of the city. Molecular and biochemical tests. Techniques were applied for identification of bacterial fauna. Total fifteen types of bacteria were isolated from all juice samples. Their growth on various media was checked for identification purposes. Biochemical tests including gram staining, catalase test, biofilm formation, slime production antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed to identify bacterial species. Finally, bacterial strains were confirmed by molecular technique of 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacteria DNA was extracted, 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Results of sequencing were analyzed by BLAST. Total microbial load of various fruit juices ranged from 9.2 ? 104 CFU/ml to 6.20 ? 105 CFU/ml. Bacterial species isolated from various fresh juice samples were, Bacillus subtilus, Bacillus siamensis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciencs, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus pumilus, Staohylococcus auries, Salmonella enterica, Chrysobacterium spp., Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cibi, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Kurthia gibsoni and Bacillus vallismortis. Higher microbial load were due to poor handling and bad production practices of juices used by local street venders. Bacterial intensity observed in different juices samples is hazardous to human health. It is therefore recommended to the suppliers to use hygienic conditions for processing of fresh fruit juices and to consumers not to use such drinks which carry potential health hazards.