فلسفہ قربانی
قربانی کا فلسفہ کوئی زیادہ پر پیچ نہیں بلکہ سیدھا اور سادا سا ہے یہ جملہ خواہشات کو بالائے طاق رکھ کرحکم ربّی کے سامنے سر تسلیم خم کرنا ہے۔ حضرت ابراہیمؑ نے اپنے لخت جگر کوقربانی کے لیے پیش کر کے یہ ثابت کر دیا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی رضا کے حصول کی خاطر محبوب سے محبوب ترین چیز بھی قربان کی جاسکتی ہے۔ قربانی جیسی عظیم عبادت جہاں قرب الٰہی کا سبب بنتی ہے وہاں غرباء و مساکین اور یتامیٰ کے لیے دعوت طعام کا ایک نمونہ ثابت ہوتی ہے۔ وہ لوگ جن کے گھر صرف سال بعد ہی گوشت کی مہک سے مہک اٹھتے ہیں۔ چیتھڑوںوں میں زندگی گزارنے والے افراد کے بچے گوشت کے پکنے کا بڑی شدت سے انتظار کرتے ہیں اور پھر غربت کی چکی میں پسنے والے افراد کے نو نہالانِ وطن کے پیٹ میں اس عظیم نعمت کی ترسیل نعمتِ لازوال ثابت ہوتی ہے۔
قربانی ایک مالی عبادت ہے اور اس عظیم عبادت کو جب کوئی صاحب ایمان شخص اللہ تعالیٰ کا حکم اور حضرت ابراہیمں کی سنت سمجھتے ہوئے اد اکرتا ہے تو جہاں و ہ مسرت و شادمانی حاصل کرتا ہے وہاں روحانی تازگی اور طراوت بھی اس کا مقدر ہو جاتی ہے۔ قربانی کرتے وقت ملحوظ خاطر صرف اور صرف رضائے الٰہی کا حصول ہو، اگر کوئی اور مقصد ،کوئی اور تمنا ،کوئی اور آرزو پیش نظر رہی ، نمودونمائش ذہن میں آ گئی ، غرور و تکبر کی کوئی کرن جسم ناپائیدار پر جلوہ گر ہوئی ، نیت میں تھوڑا سا بھی فتور آگیا اور مقصد اپنے اصل ہدف سے بال بھر بھی ایک طرف ہو گیا تو لاکھوں روپے سے خریدے گئے جانور کی قربانی محض گوشت کا حصول ہوگا۔ آخرت میں ذرہ برابر بھی نیکی نظر نہ آئے گی اور کل...
Imbibing reading habits is an essential skill necessary in the acquisition of knowledge, which is highly demanding in the life of every student in the academic environment. However, as modern technological resources keep on advancing, the reading habits of students are also changing with reading on screen. This study examined the reading habits of college sophomore students as affected by technological resources. The survey instruments, distributed to 254 college sophomore students at the Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, allowed the respondents to assess their reading habits in terms of reading hours, reading purposes, reading content, and reading attitude, with the technological resources as their tool. The data gathered in the study was analyzed statistically using the simple frequency count and percentage, mean, and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed that the college sophomores achieved an average level in their English subjects. In addition, it was found that the technology resources were moderately adequate to be used for reading among the college sophomores. Despite this, the results still showed that college sophomore students spent 2-3 hours a day reading, primarily in preparation for their exams. In addition, they read the available reading content moderately often, and they perceive a positive attitude towards the use of technological resources for reading. Furthermore, it was revealed that there is a significant relationship between reading habits and academic achievements. The study's findings will be used to improve instructional approaches and to launch e-reading initiatives in colleges.
A descriptive study was conducted to find out the feasibility of introducing Pashto language as a medium of instruction in government primary schools of Khyber Pakhunkhwa. Pashto is a provincial language of Pakistan. Due to its importance in our daily life and particularly in education, it was felt necessary to conduct a study on its feasibility. The main objectives of the study were: (1) To get information about available human resources for adopting Pashto as a medium of instruction with regard to trained teachers, translators for text books, curriculum developers, reviewers and authors; (2) To find out the tendency of teachers, parents and students towards Pashto medium of instruction regarding teachers, students and parents literacy skills (reading, writing and speaking ability) in Pashto; teachers knowledge of the contents of various primary school subjects in Pashto; teachers’ qualification in Pashto and teachers, students and parents’ preferences for Pashto medium of instruction; (3) To find out barriers in adopting Pashto as a medium of instruction; and (4) To explore the advantages and disadvantages of adopting Pashto as a medium of instruction. A representative sample of 1200 students, 600 teachers of government primary schools and 600 parents (of government school students) was selected through cluster sampling technique from six sampled districts i.e. Swat, Malakand, Nowshera, Peshawar, Kohat and Bannu. Two research instruments i.e. questionnaires and structured interviews were used for data collection. Questionnaires for teachers and parents (based on 2 & 3 points scale) while structured interview for students (based on 2 points scale) were used as the main research tools for data collection. The two data collecting instruments (questionnaires and interviews) were pilot tested on limited size of the sample (twenty teachers, forty students and twenty parents) and was improved prior to data collection. The researcher carried out extensive visits for data collection to the sample districts. The obtained data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using t - test and chi - square through SPSS version 19 software. No significance of difference was found between the mean scores of the sample with respect to the use of Pashto as medium of instruction. Majority of parents opposed Pashto medium of instruction, because they were thinking about the future of their children in respect of higher education and competitive examinations. Parents also pointed out that their children will be relegated to the provincial boundaries only. It was concluded that the use of Pashto language in teaching-learning process was helpful but was not considered feasible in the light of maximum respondents opined against its use as a medium of instruction.