آہ! مولانا ابوسلمہؒ
(پروفیسر مسعود حسن)
۲۲؍ دسمبر کی دوپہر کو کلکتہ کے مسلمان ایک بڑے المناک سانحہ سے دوچار ہوئے، یہ سانحہ حضرت مولانا ابوسلمہ شفیع احمد صاحبؒ کی رحلت ہے، جو ۵-۴ ماہ کی طویل اور صبر آزما علالت کے بعد ۷۳ سال کی عمر میں اپنے مالک حقیقی سے جاملے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، دوسرے دن صبح ۳۰:۱۲ بجے ان کے ہزاروں عقیدت مندوں اور جان نثاروں نے ان کے جسدخاکی کو پارک سرکس سے متصل ایک قبرستان میں جس کا نام ہم ’گورغریباں‘ ہے، یہ کہہ کر سپردخاک کیا کہ:
اے تیرہ خاک خاطرِ مہماں نگاہ دار
کیں نورچشم ماست کہ دربر گرفتہ ای
نور اﷲ مرقدہٗ و برد اﷲ مضجعہ
مولانا مرحوم کے نام اور مقام سے مجھے بہت پہلے سے واقفیت تھی، البتہ باقاعدہ نیاز اور تقریب ۱۹۵۹ء میں حاصل ہوا، جب مجھے مدرسۂ عالیہ کلکتہ کی پرنسپلی تفویض ہوئی اور میں مدرسہ پہنچا، مولانا مدرسہ کے ممتاز ترین اساتذہ میں تھے، تفسیر اور حدیث ان کے خاص موضوع تھے اور ان دونوں فنون کی بیشتر متداول کتابوں پر ان کی گہری نظر تھی، وہ مدرسہ کی اونچی جماعتوں میں درس دیتے تھے اور بڑی عزت و احترام کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے تھے۔ میں مدرسہ میں کم و بیش ۵ سال رہا۔ اس پوری مدت میں میرے ان کے تعلقات مخلصانہ رہے اور جب میں وہاں سے رخصت ہوا تو اس کے بعد بھی ان کا اخلاص برابر جاری رہا۔ وہ اکثر میرے غریب خانہ پر تشریف لاتے، گھنٹوں بیٹھتے تھے۔ راقم الحروف بھی ان کی خدمت میں حاضر ہوتا تھا، ان ملاقاتوں میں اکثر علمی گفتگو ہوا کرتی تھی، کبھی کبھی حالات حاضرہ پر بھی تبصرہ ہوا کرتے تھے، مولانا ان مجلسوں میں علم و حکمت کے موتی بکھیر دیتے تھے۔
مولانا کو لکھنے پڑھنے اور تصنیف کا شوق...
The set of formal legal institutions that collectively constitute a “government”or a “state” form the basis of what we call “Political System”. Democracy, one of the institutions withiun the present day political scenario, is a system of processing conflicts in which the outcomes depend on what the opinion of majority of the participants is. In such a process, no single force or group can control what occurs unless they can prove their majority. The primary problem with the world politics in today’s world is not much different to what it has been over the centuries - it is controlled by people who are generally incapable of envisioning a system of just government that could address the broader problems faced by humanity and that which could think beyond the immediate scene. Nothing about our world will change until we acknowledge this reality and that the quality of life depends on more than a mere establishment of rules by which to live and carry out commerce. It requires an understanding of the universal issues that are not yet considered as a part of the better human condition by most governments of our time. Politicians always have, focussed on the tangible issues of the physical social structure while being oblivious to the fact that such a framework can be no more useful in improving the human condition than is the altruistic value of the foundation on which it is built. In this paper, the existing democratic political system has been thoroughly analyzed in accordance with the seerah of our beloved messengerﷺ.
Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is a notorious pest of various fields and horticultural crops worldwide. Insecticides application ultimately responsible for resistance development in H. armigera, unsafe for the environment and natural enemies of insect pests. To withstand the pesticides resistance, biological control successfully helps in reducing pest population. Bracon hebetor is a cosmopolitan species that have the ability to parasitize a wide range of lepidopteran and few coleopteran hosts. As H. armigera fed on wide host range so, quality and quantity of food nutrients provided at the time of Bracon hebetor larval development is a crucial step. The need of the current research project is to focus on which best suited semi-synthetic artificial diet of H. armigera; B. hebetor developmental parameters are good and further, how it can effectively be used under the scenario of ecological conditions after getting reared on efficient host for the control of H. armigera. So we can utilize B. hebetor as an efficient biological control agent for H. armigera management. Study objectives were to screen out the best suited artificial diet of H. armigera for the rearing of B. hebetor. Investigation of B. hebetor life history traits on most efficient hosts from the screened host species for the effective rearing of B. hebetor. Determination of the effect of temperature, relative humidity regimes and host larval densities on the life history traits of B. hebetor parasitizing H. armigera. B. hebetor parasitization, reproduction, development, fitness related traits and life table parameters were observed on different pyralids, noctuids, gelechiids and curculionids under laboratory conditions (25±2°C and 70±5%) in order to find out the most suitable host for the mass rearing and inundative release purposes to control H. armigera. Results indicated that among four semi-synthetic diets (gram, rice, wheat and corn) of H. armigera, gram flour mediated diet was responsible for good biological and developmental parameters of B. hebetor under laboratory conditions. It can be successfully used for the rearing of H. armigera as a host for good parasitism and development of B. hebetor. Though, H. armigera itself was not an excellent host for the continuous rearing of parasitoid therefore, seven different hosts (six from Lepidoptera and one Coleoptera) were utilized to screen out the suitable one. Results showed that the pyralids hosts (E. kuehniella, C. cephalonica and G. mellonella) gave the best results for daily fecundity, parasitoid survival to adulthood, development time and female biased sex ratio followed by H. armigera and the worst reproduction occurred on H. postica. Among the most efficient screened pyralid hosts, B. hebetor biological parameters and fitness related traits were excellent on E. kuehniella as compared to C. cephalonica. So production of good fitness traits (wing area, tibia size and dry mass), excellent biological parameters (good immature numbers and adults emergence), short egg-adult development time and changes in THCs provide a good means for the immature development of B. hebetor within the parasitized E. kuehniella for several days. Temperature relative humidity regimes and H. armigera larval densities significantly affect the biological and developmental parameters of B. hebetor. Excellent life history parameters of B. hebetor parasitizing gram diet fed H. armigera were observed at 25°C and 60% R.H. combination. Among various larval densities of H. armigera good biological parameters of B. hebetor like production of immature numbers, short egg-adult development time, survivorship and female progeny production was significantly good on five larval density of H. armigera offered for parasitization. Therefore, it is recommended that gram mediated diet is best suited for the rearing of H. armigera in order to find out the best suited temperature, humidity combination and host larval density in the field release planning and maintenance of B. hebetor population for long term field crops management to control H. armigera. On the other hand B. hebetor quality progeny production on E. kuehniella make this insect of great potential to serve as valuable material for laboratory rearing and inundative field release to control H. armigera larval populations.