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Low Bit Rate Representation of Speech for Storage and Transmission

Thesis Info

Author

Riaz-Ul-Haq

Department

Deptt. of Electronics, QAU.

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1993

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

83

Subject

Electronics

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Phil ELE/03

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676718066558

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قائداعظم محمد علی جناح

قائداعظم محمد علی جیناؔ رحمہ اﷲ
افسوس ہے کہ ۱۱؍ ستمبر ۱۹۴۸؁ء کی شب کو قائداعظم محمد علی جناح کا کراچی میں بہتر (۷۲) برس کی عمر میں انتقال ہوگیا، پاکستان و ہندوستان اور عالم اسلام نے اس حادثہ پر بڑا صدمہ محسوس کیا، دوسرے دن عصر کے وقت کئی لاکھ کے مجمع میں ان کی نماز جنازہ ادا کی گئی اور تدفین عمل میں آئی، عام مسلمانوں میں ان کو جوہر دلعزیزی حاصل تھی اس کا اثر یہ ہے کہ ہندوستان اور اکثر اسلامی ملکوں، ریاستوں اور شہروں نے ان کا ماتم کیا اور ان کے لئے قرآن خوانی اور مغفرت کی دعا کی گئی۔
مرحوم کے سیاسی کارنامے آفتاب کی طرح روشن ہیں، وہ بڑے قانون داں، بڑے مناظر اور اجتماعیات کے بڑے نبض شناس تھے اور اپنے پیروؤں پر بلا کا اثر رکھتے تھے، ان کی بڑی خصوصیت اپنی بات پر جم کر دوسروں سے اپنی بات منوانے کی قوت تھی، انہوں نے اپنی اس قوت کا مظاہرہ پاکستان کے مطالبہ میں پوری طرح کیا اور بالآخر کامیابی حاصل کی اور ایک ایسی حکومت قائم کی جس کا دعویٰ ہے کہ وہ اس وقت سب سے بڑی اسلامی حکومت ہے اور آبادی کے لحاظ سے دنیا میں اس کا پانچواں درجہ ہے۔
ہندوستان کی سیاست میں مرحوم کا بڑا حصہ ہے اور ۱۹۱۶؁ء سے لے کر جب لیگ اور کانگریس میں ان کی کوشش سے مشہور پیکٹ ہوا، ۱۹۴۸؁ء تک سوائے ان چند سالوں کے جب وہ ترک موالات کی تحریک میں کانگریس سے الگ ہوگئے۔ ہمیشہ ایک لیڈر کی حیثیت سے ملک میں ممتازرہے، ان کی نسبت ان کے دوست اور دشمن ایک بات پورے وثوق کے ساتھ کہہ سکتے ہیں کہ وہ نہ کبھی حکومت وقت سے ڈرے اور نہ جاہ و منصب کی کوئی حرص و طمع ان کو اپنی...

حق حضانت: ایک قانونی و معاشرتی مسئلہ

In a situation of conflict or divorce between wife and husband there generally arises the issue concerning the custody of child. Muslim scholars of Islamic law are not unanimous over who, father or mother, has the right to the custody of child. Some scholars are of the view that the mother has the right to the custody of the male child until he 7 year old, and that of the female one until her age of puberty provided that the mother does not get married to someone else. This article deals with the issue from the angle of child's welfare, and tries to come to the conclusion that if the child's welfare is taken care of by the father more than the mother, the father should be given the right to the child's custody, and vice versa.

Composite Genomic Diversity for Association Mapping Related to Drought Tolerance in Wheat

Exploitation of available genetic resources is of great importance for enhancing global food security under the adverse influence of climate change that badly affects the intensity of drought. A diverse group of hexaploid wheat genotypes (131) were evaluated for phenological and physiological traits in the field under well-watered and drought stress conditions imposed at anthesis stage along with check cultivars during two consecutive growing years, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Genotypes under both trial condition showed high genetic variation in their morphological and physiological indices in response to drought stress. Overall, 10 potential genotypes i.e. HU85, HU89, HU93, HU99, HU101, HU105, HU109, HU116, HU120 and HU123 outperformed among the evaluated genotypes. In terms of yield, these 10 lines performed 30% better than the best drought check cultivars (Weeble, Sitta and Dharwar-Dry) and therefore can be used as gene pool for varietal improvement for the rain fed areas of Pakistan. HMW-GS subunit composition and variation were analyzed at the Glu-1 locus through SDS-PAGE which detected eighteen alleles, 3 at the Glu-A1 locus, 11 at the Glu-B1 and 4 at the Glu-D1 locus with 34 different combinations. Twenty seven functional markers (KASP-SNPs) were also applied to identify important genes influencing end use quality including HMW-GS (3 NSPs), LMW-GS (15 SNPs), grain texture (3 SNPs) and drought tolerance candidate genes (6 SNPs), detecting a total of 61 alleles across the studied genotypes. SNPs for HMW-GS detected eight allelic loci among the genotypes and prominent alleles (5+10) were found in maximum (53%) genotypes followed by inferior (2+12) allele (40%). For LMW-GS, 25 SNPs loci were identified in the panel and the maximum allelic diversity was detected for Glu-A3ac (0.54%). Ample allelic diversity was observed at Ha loci encoding for hardness profile such as Pina-D1a (24%), PinaD1b (75%), PinbD1a (10%), PinbD1b (83%), Pinb-B2a (76%) and Pinb-B2b (16%), indicating the potential for selecting favorable alleles for enhanced grain texture. Thirteen candidate loci linked to drought related traits were detected which discriminated tolerant and susceptible genotypes through a set of six SNP markers. 1fehw3 detected Kauz-type (51.9%) tolerance followed by Westona-type tolerance (45%) across the panel. SST4D-1093 marker identified three allelic haplotypes, 4Da, 4Da:4Db and 4Db that favored stem WSC remobilization under low moisture status to minimize the deleterious effect of drought stress. The studied panel was profiled using 154 SSR markers for genetic diversity and GWAS. All of the 154 SSR markers were polymorphic in nature and detected a total of 254 informative loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.3, ranging from 2 to 13. The average effective number (Ne) of alleles per locus was 3.4, ranging from 1.1 to 7.8. Mean of expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.78, ranging from 0.10 to 1.9, information index (ID) ranged from 0.20 to 2.8, average, unbiased heterozygosity (UHe) value was 0.78 with a range of 0.10 to 1.9. The range for PIC was 0.18 to 0.87, with an average of 0.6 in the panel. A total of 347 significant MTAs for the studied traits were detected. GLM model approach detected 205 MTAs (59.2%) while MLM model approach found only 141 MTAs (40.6%). Some unique MTAs were also detected only either in GLM or in MLM model. Indel and SSR markers used in the current GWAS will contribute valuable information for AM panels and making new breeding populations based on marker assisted selection (MAS).