تُو کیوں اس کو سوچ رہا ہے
وہ تو تجھ کو بھول چکا ہے
دل میں کیسا خوف بھرا ہے
پھول کھلے تو ڈر لگتا ہے
گئی رتوں میں تلاش کرے گا
آج وہ جس کو چھوڑ رہا ہے
میں کہتا ہوں اُسے بھلا دے
یہ کیا روگ لگا بیٹھا ہے
یادیں تو بس بوجھ ہیں دل کا
اور یادوں میں کیا رکھّا ہے
کوئی جو پوچھے حال مرا تو
کہہ دیتا ہوں سب اچھا ہے
پتا پتا ڈالی ڈالی
کس کے غم میں زرد ہوا ہے
ہر سُو پھیلا خوف کا عالَم
خوف یہ کیسے پھیل گیا ہے
صادقؔ تیرا مسئلہ کیا ہے
تو کیوں ماضی میں رہتا ہے
This paper is the study of three modes of business and transactions including Gharar, Salam and Istisna’, widely used in Islamic Banking and Islamic Financial Institutions. This study delving in Fiqh Literature brings to the fore the juristic status of all three modes of business and transaction supported by the arguments from Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh literature. The Objective of this paper is to remove misconceptions surround these modes of business and transactions and to clariy their legal position.
This study was designed for the evaluation of quality of fresh juices of lemon, prune-tamarind and sugar cane sold in the local market of Kamoke city (Distt. Gujranwala) of Pakistan. The samples were analyzed for determination of type of bacteria present in these juices and their total load. Total ten samples were collected from local shops of the city. Molecular and biochemical tests.
Techniques were applied for identification of bacterial fauna. Total fifteen types of bacteria were isolated from all juice samples. Their growth on various media was checked for identification purposes. Biochemical tests including gram staining, catalase test, biofilm formation, slime production antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed to identify bacterial species. Finally, bacterial strains were confirmed by molecular technique of 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacteria DNA was extracted, 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Results of sequencing were analyzed by BLAST.
Total microbial load of various fruit juices ranged from 9.2 ? 104 CFU/ml to 6.20 ? 105 CFU/ml. Bacterial species isolated from various fresh juice samples were, Bacillus subtilus, Bacillus siamensis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciencs, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus pumilus, Staohylococcus auries, Salmonella enterica, Chrysobacterium spp., Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cibi, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Kurthia gibsoni and Bacillus vallismortis.
Higher microbial load were due to poor handling and bad production practices of juices used by local street venders. Bacterial intensity observed in different juices samples is hazardous to human health. It is therefore recommended to the suppliers to use hygienic conditions for processing of fresh fruit juices and to consumers not to use such drinks which carry potential health hazards.