The development of works in the field of Quranic interpretation has grown rapidly in this age. The work in this field has been written in various major languages of the world such as Arabic, English and Malay. The resulting works contain a lot of information quoted from the works written by previous authors. For example, the work of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan written by Muhammad Said Omar contains a lot of information quoted from Tafsir al-Jalalyn, Tafsir al-Baydawi and Tafsir al-Jamal. Nevertheless, this study found that the information was widely quoted by the author until there was an inaccurate information being referred to by him. Therefore, a method or system should be practiced so that the information contained in the work of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan can be managed well as well as avoid the mistakes of readers. One way to manage these resources is to identify the original work referred to by the author. The analysis of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan used the genetic approach which was published by Goldman in studying the origin of the resources. This study referred the text from Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan and the texts of works that became author's references, which are Tafsir al-Jalalyn, Tafsir al-Jamal, Tafsir al-Baydawi, Tafsir al-Khazin, Tafsir al-Baghawi, Tafsir al-Tabari, Tafsir al-Qurtubi, Tafsir al-Razi, Tafsir al-Nasafi, Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Tafsir al-Tha’labi, and made a comparison of the texts to detect the similarities and differences. The result of the analysis proved that Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id implemented five methods; which are quoting the text in parallel, writing an abstract, removal of some of the words, adding explan-ation, and refuting part of the text. This study also revealed the purpose of Syeikh Muhammad Sa’id while creating his work is to strengthen the translations written. Thus, he successfully strengthens translation when the contents of the text are parallel to the reference. However, in certain places existed a text from the author's references contradicts with the content of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, which failed his attempt to strengthen the translation in certain part of the text. Key words: , , .
Owing to their gigantic participation in global economic growth, the phenomenon of SMEs internationalization
has become the centre of attention for numerous researchers. The firms operating from low-tech industry and
from developing nation were largely ignored. Internationalization phenomenon from underdeveloped cluster
of a developing nation facing daunting challenges that hinder SMEs performance and growth; turns out to be
an attention-grabbing area – hence, worth-investigating.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges of manufacturing born global SMEs from surgical
instrument manufacturing cluster Sialkot, Pakistan. More specifically, the objective is to explore the kind of
challenges and their effect on the performance of these born global SMEs. To carry out this research, data was
collected through a questionnaire from 100 respondents (managers/entrepreneurs). Based on the findings,
the study identify the challenges like employees' loyalty, shortage of skilled technical workforce, retention of
experienced and skilled workforce, staff motivation, staff recognition and promotion, staff development, and
performance appraisals.
The results of this study also support the hypothesis that poor management skills (FIRM, marketing, finance,
and production) are challenges and contribute to the poor performance of manufacturing born global SMEs.
Manufacturing born global SMEs are facing challenge of lack of government policy on born global SMEs, tax
issues and reduced rebates, and shortage of skilled labor force.