FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AMONG PATIENTS WITH ARTHROSCOPIC ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION WITH ENDO-BUTTON AT GHURKI TRUST TEACHING HOSPITAL POST 6 MONTHS-A SINGLE CENTERED SURVEY

Background of the Study: To assess the functional outcome among patients with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with endo-button at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital post 6 months. Methodology: A single centered survey was conducted on 67 patients with arthroscopic AC Ligament reconstruction using Hamstring auto-graft (Semitendinosus-Gracilis tendons) after 6 months and evaluated for functional outcome. The data was collected from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital. The sampling procedure utilized was non-probability sampling. Functional outcome was assessed using subjective form of IKDC score. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Out of 67 patients, all were male. The pre-operative subjective IKDC scoring was less than 30 and post-operative mean IKDC scoring is 73.92. On the basis of findings of study, significant improvement was observed after ACL reconstruction post 6 months. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction shows significant improvement in knee function and significant recovery of preoperative functional status.

Teachers Role in Influencing Learners Attitude and Motivation Towards Learning of English Language at University Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The attitude towards learning and motivation of learners is an important factor in which teachers play a crucial role. This is important more so in learning of a foreign or second language. This study is concerned with how teachers and learners perceive teachers‘ motivational behaviour and what impact it has on the learners‘ attitude and motivation towards learning to communicate in English language. To this end, a questionnaire was developed based on Dornyei and Csizer‘s (1998) Motivational Strategies Orientation of Language Teaching (MOLT), observation scheme developed by Guilloteaux & Dornyei (2008), and Dornyei‘s (2001) process-oriented model of motivational teacher practice ‗Motivational Strategies Questionnaire‘ (Cheng & Dornyei, 2007), available on his personal website. The items selected for both teachers and learners were made part of the classroom observation checklist to ascertain if particular behaviour of teachers and learners in the language classrooms occurs that determine learners‘ attitude and motivation towards learning oral communication of English language. The study took place at City University of Science and IT, Peshawar (CUSIT) and Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar (IMS). The questionnaires were administered to learners (N-175) and teachers (N-12). There were four open-ended questions incorporated in the teachers‘ questionnaire to further add some in depth information, which the close-ended questionnaire could not cover. The participants were undergraduate students, both male and female, of Management Science, Computer Sciences, Engineering and Education taking the course of Freshman English 1, 2, 3 and Functional English. At the end of the study, the collected data was analysed through descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA and Dummy variable by using SPSS. The results showed that the student participants expressed their weak satisfaction over their teachers‘ motivational teaching practices while the teachers perceived their teaching practices on a higher level strongly believing them to be the source for the learners‘ positive attitude and motivation towards speaking skill. It is recommended that there is a need to fill that gap between teachers and learners to ascertain the smooth learning of English language. There is a need to motivate learners to engage in different and interesting communicative activities so that a confidence level in the learners could be increased. As the KP learners are highly attached to Pashto language and its culture, so playing videos of the culture of the target language could be highly beneficial for the learners of KP. The learners should be encouraged to communicate in the target language so that hesitation in communicating in the target language could be minimized.