Impact Analysis of Higher Education Research Trajectory on Governance and Public Policy: A Case Study of Four Federal Universities of Pakistan

The research situates link between the graduate researches in four academic institutes of Islamabad and analyzes its impact on the public policy. The study explores the relevance of graduate research trajectory followed by various academic departments of four major federal universities in Pakistan in formulation and execution of public policy. The author collected last five years graduate level dissertation titles from four federal universities and classified them by using thematic approach. An interview guide/questionnaire is prepared accordingly. Chairpersons, deans, professors, bureaucrats, and parliamentarians were approached for semi-structured, in-depth interviews. This is a qualitative study using thematic and analytical approach. The research finds a lack of cohesion between the graduate research trajectory and policy needs of the public institutions. The absence of a national research vision and collaborative framework, difference in training cultures of bureaucracy and academia, lack of logistic support system, defective learning strategies, and an overall neglect for social sciences are the major reasons for incoherence. The analytical correlation of the recorded opinions reveals opportunities to maximize the relevance of the academic research in public policy domain

Estimation of Wind Energy in Meteorologically Unobserved Area of Sindh, Pakistan and its Impacts

Generation of electricity by wind energy is playing an important role to reduce environmental pollution; comparatively low cost with unlimited source of energy makes it more attractive. Present research work has been carried out considering these aspects which have serious negative impacts on environment and economy. This study presents mapping of wind speed over the province of Sindh (Pakistan) using spatial interpolation of wind speed data. Spatial distribution of monthly wind speed was found largely influenced by topography. It is to be noted that there is no research recorded relative to the interpolation methods in wind speed data of Sindh region. The purpose of this study is to predict the wind potential for meteorologically unobserved area of Sindh( Pakistan) to predict the feasibility of electricity generation. In the present research, for modeling nineteen different locations were selected. Four year wind speed data for Sindh, recorded by meteorological department of Pakistan, is used in this study. This study emphasized on deriving a gridded dataset of monthly wind speed from wind station observations with deeper analysis of the influence of topography on wind speed in Sindh. Three interpolation methods have been compared, that is Inverse Distance weighting (IDW), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Residual Kriging (RK). A detailed study of relation between wind speed and different topographical factors, such as elevation, slope, latitude and longitude, it was revealed that, the correlation between latitude, longitude and wind speed is most appropriate. Regression model is used to remove the trend in spatial distribution of wind speed. The residuals are then interpolated onto a regular grid using, Kriging. Error analysis is performed by cross-validation. The residual Kriging procedure is found to be an excellent method compared to IDW or RBF methods, with RMSE error) and R 2 (root mean squared (correlation coefficient) values showing outstanding results. The Residual Kriging was chosen to interpolate the monthly wind speed in unobserved areas of Sindh. All the work has been done in GIS(Geographic information systems) and interpolation techniques . In order to test the applicability and benefit of the model, a case study has been discussed with three main issues, that is, the energy generation, environmental benefits and economical aspects.This research has provided a valuable information to decide best available interpolation method as well as most suitable site for wind farmind.