Comparative Study of the Qur’anic Translations and Footnotes by A. M. Daryābādī and M. A. Lahorī’a

This paper highlights a comparative study of two translations of the Holy Qur‟ān. Muhammad „Alī Lahori‟s “The Holy Qur‟ān” and „Abdul Mājid Daryābādī‟s “Tafsir Ul Qur‟ān”. It deals with the biographies of both translators and general characteristics of these two translations. Many translators interpreted the Holy Qur‟ān in differentlanguages. Though they translated the text with specific- objectives, these translations helped spread the message of the Qur‟ān in the west and helped to refute the fabrications laid down by the west against Islam. Both translators Abdul Mājid Daryābādī and Muhammad „Alī Lahorī are Indian writers, editors and interpreters. Both translated the Holy Qur‟ān into English for western readers and in Urdu for the readers of subcontinent. Most interestingly, Muḥammad „Alī Lahorī is the person who inspired Daryābādī in his period of atheism. According to many scholars, Daryābādī admired the work ofLahorī just timely. But in the reality one can find that „Abdul Mājid Daryābādī imitated few aspects of Muḥammad „Alī‟s life and copied his work as well.

Exploring the Natural Colorant and Antimicrobial Potential of Vegetables Residues for Textile Processing

Increasing anthropogenic activities are inducing negative impact on environment as well as on human health. In the current scenario of global change, people are more conscious about natural products. Toxic chemical dyes are one of the major pollutants. Vegetable left over material are an excellent source of natural dyes. The extraction experiments results indicated that better extraction of natural colorants from different vegetables depends on the nature and concentration of extraction media. The highest concentration of colorants have been achieved for revival of natural dyes are gaining popularity among the consumers. Present work has been conducted to explore the colorant potential of vegetable residual material using different extraction media. Results showed that black carrot, red carrot, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, lady finger, bitter gourd, turnip, sugar beet, tomato and cucumber leaves in 2% acidified methanol, in 9.0 g NaOH, in 4% acidified methanol, 3% acidified methanol, in 100% methanol, in 2% of acid, in 3% of acid, in 2% of acidified methanol, in 5% methanolic KOH, in 80% methanol and in 2% methanolic KOH, respectively gave maximum colorant in term of highly significant results. Among all plants, tomato and cucumber leaves gave minimum colorant solubility in all extraction media. Optimization of varying dyeing parameters such as time, temperature, salt concentration, material to liquor ratio and pH of best dye extracts has been performed to investigate the optimized dyeing conditions. Using optimized dye extracts, chemical and bio pre and post mordanting has been performed to achieve different color shades onto mordanted cotton fabrics. Bio mordanting comparatively produced darker shade on cotton fabrics than chemical mordanting. Optimized chemical and bio pre and post mordanted fabrics showed excellent rating of light, washing, dry and wet rubbing fastness. Qualitative phytochemical determination of vegetable residues showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, fats and sugars respectively. FTIR showed the confirmation of phytochemicals by presence of functional groups, like hydroxyl group, alkenes, alkane, ketones and aromatic groups in vegetable dye extract. The dyed cotton fabrics and vegetable dye extracts showed remarkable antimicrobial activity. The vegetable based dyes could be eco-friendly replacement of hazardous dyes.