پشتو نثر میں سیرت نگاری کا ایک علمی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ: منتخب کتب سیرت کی روشنی میں

Due to the significance of Sīrah, Muslim scholars started writing about it from the very beginning of Islam. Pashto language, like other major languages, contains the Sīrah writings. There are two types of Sīrah writings in Pashto language. The first type of books are written for a common man, in a very simple language and style, just to get guidance from the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). This type of books were discussed by Dr. Sa’īdullah Qaḍī in his article “Sīrah books in Pashto Language” published in “Al-Ḥaq” Monthly Journal of Jami’a Dārul Uloom Ḥaqqānia, Akora Khattak. The second type of Sīrah books are written after deep research and criticism of the narrations. But it is worth mentioning that no comprehensive research has been carried out so far which can cover both types of books. Therefore an analysis of the Selected Sīrah writings in Pashto Language has been made, to explore the remarkable Sīrah writings in Pashto Language.

Facilitating a Teacher Through Reflective Practice

This small-scale qualitative action research seeks to explore possibilities and challenges involved in facilitating a social studies a teacher to reflect on her own classroom teaching and learning processes. The study is based on the premise that reflection is significant to improving teacher's classroom practice. For this purpose, an action researcher worked with one social studies secondary level teacher from a community based private school of Karachi. In this regard, the study explores the participant teacher's existing perceptions and practices of reflection in general, and on her own classroom teaching and learning in particular. Subsequently, based on this reconnaissance, a general plan of action was developed and implemented with some variations to facilitate the teacher's reflection. The data for the reconnaissance and implementation of action stages were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted at pre and post classroom observation, classroom observations (through taking running notes), tape recording of input sessions and the researcher's reflective journal. The gathered data were analyzed soon after each action step for reflection and further action. The study reports some possible strategies to facilitate teachers in gaining an understanding of reflection and its practice. These strategies are: a) developing a conceptual understanding through sharing of relevant literature and b) the using Guided Reflection Protocol strategy. The study also reports the challenges faced in the process. Finally the report concludes by presenting key learnings of the researcher as a teacher educator and action researcher and focus for further research.