انڈپینڈنٹ اردو ویب سائٹ
اپنی ذاتی تسکین کے لیے جب انسان کے اندر بے شمار وسیع اور لامتناہی خیالات کا مجموعہ ہوتا ہے تو اکثر وہ مختلف سائٹس پر خیالات کا اظہار کرتا ہے۔مصنف نے بھی اپنے خیالات کا اظہار اپنی ذاتیات اور حالات زندگی کو’’میری کہانی‘‘ پر کہانیاں لکھ کر بیان کیا ہے۔ ان کا اندز بیان نرالا اور نہایت دلچسپ ہے۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ جیسے مصنف کو ایک کے بعد ایک خیال آتا گیا تو وہ اسے لکھتے ہی گئے کیونکہ انڈپینڈنٹ اردو سائٹ پر ان کے خیالات کا انبار لگا ہے۔انہوں نے اپنی زندگی کی کئی کہانیاں بیان کی ہیں جن میں بچپن کے واقعات سے لے کر جوانی تک کے تمام قصے ،ملازمت ،تعلیمی سرگرمیاں،سفر نامے،اسفار ،بچپن کے واقعات اور اس کے علاوہ بھی بہت سے دوسرے موضوعات پر بھی اظہار خیال کیا ہے۔
1۔ شاہیا پہلوان :زمین کھاگئی پہلوان کیسے کیسے
2۔ بینڈ پروفیسر اور بلداتی گدھا
3۔ عجائب گھر کے ڈھانچے کا بگ بینگ
4۔ اگر ہم پکڑے جاتیتو شاعر کی بجائے چور ہوتے
5۔ جاٹوں کو مفت گڑ اور دل بیرحم
6۔ عربی گدھے کھجوریں اور میں
7۔ جب لوگ ہماری لاش ڈھونڈنے نکلے
8۔ جب ہم پھنسے گلیڈی ایڑوں کے چنگل میں
9۔ جب ہم نے ننگ دھڑک بارات نکالی
10۔ جب میاں صاحب نے گورکن پر سانپ سے حملہ کیا
11۔ جب میرا کوٹ مارشل ہوتے ہوتے بچا
12۔ جب اچھوتے...
Until recently, Gwadar has always been mentioned as a small insignificant fishing town. Very little was known about its history and potential to the outside world. However, at the turn of the 21st century Gwadar became the focus of attention globally. The development of a deep seaport with China’s assistance and prospects of connecting China and Central Asia through Pakistan to the North Arabian Sea has brought this small, insignificant fishing town to international recognition. But history reveals that this region has always played a vital role since primeval times due to its geostrategic and geographical location. From Alexander’s retreat to Pakistan’s reclaiming Gwadar, it has always reminded its significance at different times in diverse manners. This paper aims to bring into light the historical journey of Gwadar, which usually remained unknown or were either considered trivial by historians. Gwadar became an important chapter in the Belt and Road initiative proposed by the Chinese president. It will link China, South Asia, Middle East, Central Asia, Africa and Europe through a network of land and sea routes and ports will contribute significantly to the progress and prosperity of Gwadar in Pakistan, China and the entire region.
The present study deals with the determination of benzo(a)pyrene in biological samples and detection of genetic damage in the subjects working at petrol pumps. The multidisciplinary study involved questionnaire survey and analysis of biological samples. The questionnaire survey was carried out in 107 petrol pumps of Lahore and Gujrat districts for the assessment of health status of the workers (n=1000) and risk factors in their workplace settings. The biochemical tests included; detection of benzo(a)pyrene in blood and hair samples by HPLC (n=200). Buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt) was carried out for the identification of nuclear anomalies i.e. micronucleus (MN), binucleus (BN) for the evaluation of genotoxic parameters and cytotoxic damage by karyorrhexis (KR) and karyolysis (KL) cells. The DNA damage was further assessed by comet assay through total comet scoring (TCS). Genetic polymorphism was detected in associated genes in selected blood samples of the petrol pump workers through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data was analyzed through ANOVA, t-test (p<0.05) and Pearson correlation. Questionnaire survey revealed the study respondents had low socioeconomic and educational status, poor dietary habits, various health problems and specially no use of PPE during work. Analysis of samples showed significantly higher concentration of BaP in blood (µg/l) and hair (µg/g), frequencies of buccal cell anomalies and TCS in the petrol pump workers (exposed) as compared to non-exposed subjects. The PCR of the selected samples evidently revealed polymorphism in the associated genes (CYP1A1 and GSTM1) hence pointing towards the more probability of susceptibility to diseases related to lungs. The results were compared on the basis of age, job duration, smoking habits, working hours per day and job types. The subjects of higher ages, long job duration, smokers and longer working hours per day were found with significantly higher BaP concentration in blood and hair. Similarly the buccal cell anomalies and total comet scores was also significantly higher in these subjects. The BaP concentration in blood was strongly corelated to the MN frequencies in buccal cells and TCS in blood cells of the petrol pump workers. The results are depictive of the fact that low socioeconomic status, less education, lack of awareness, no use of PPE, personal hygiene and smoking habits appear to be the contributory factors. Results of BaP in blood and hair revealed that the petrol pump workers are likely to get occupational exposure to PAHs like BaP and other such substances in their workplace because of many reasons especially due to ignorance, nonuse of PPE, in effective regulations, monitoring as well as the faulty working practices. The results of the study are significant and provide enough evidence with reference to the health and safety issues at the petrol pumps in Pakistan. On the basis of the results; recommendations are drawn for the future work with reference to health risk assessment and management at work. It also advocates for the formulation of specific rules for petrol pump workers.