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Home > 2D Seismic Reflection Data Interpretation of Fimkassar Area Integrated With Facies Modeling, Rock Physics Analysis and Seismic Attribute Analysis

2D Seismic Reflection Data Interpretation of Fimkassar Area Integrated With Facies Modeling, Rock Physics Analysis and Seismic Attribute Analysis

Thesis Info

Author

Saiem Zafar

Supervisor

Anees Bangash

Department

Department of Earth Sciences, QAU

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

71

Subject

Earth Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS / M.SC / EAR / 1442

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676718291410

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1۔ کہانی پڑھی جارہی ہے

 کہانی پڑھی جارہی ہے

(سید ماجد شاہ)

 چوک میں جہا ز کی ڈمی نصب کی جا چکی تھی۔لڑکی نے چوک سے یو ٹرن لینے کے لیے ،گاڑی کی رفتار آہستہ کی ۔جب گاڑی چوک سے نیم دائرہ بنا کر مڑ رہی تھی تو فرنٹ سیٹ پر بیٹھے ، لمبے بالوں والے لڑکے نے کہا،‘‘ میں ایک منتر نما ایکویشن سے یہ جہاز اڑا سکتا ہوں۔

 لڑکی نے کنکھیوں سے دیکھا جہاز آدھا پینٹ کیا جاچکا تھا۔

 لڑکی، جس کے جسم میں جاری تمام کیمیائی عمل بحالتِ اعتدال کام کر رہے تھے ،جیسے ایک بیس بائیس سال کی مائل بہ فربا خوشحال گھرانے کی لڑکی میں کام کرتے ہیں۔

 اس نے لڑکے کی کپکپاتی مخروطی انگلیوں کو غور سے دیکھا، جن پر سگریٹ کے سرمئی داغ ، تیز گندمی رنگ پر نمایاں تھے۔پھر لڑکی نے بائیں ہاتھ سے اپنی سرخ ٹی شرٹ کا بٹن کھولتے ہوئے پورے یقین سے کہا، ‘‘ میں اس پر اڑنا چاہوں گی۔’’

 گاڑی کا اے سی بند تھا ۔ شیشے تھوڑے نیچے کیے گئے تھے تاکہ سگریٹ کا دھواں خارج ہو سکے، اس عمل سے دھواں باہر ضرور نکل رہا تھا لیکن رد ِ عمل کے طور پر باہر کی شدید گرمی گاڑی میں بھر گئی تھی۔

 جب لڑکی یہ جملہ بول رہی تھی۔‘‘ میں اس پر اڑنا چاہوں گی۔’’تو اس کے لہجے میں مذاق کا عنصر رائی برابر بھی شامل نہیں تھا، کیونکہ جب وہ مذاق کے موڈ میں ہوتی تھی تو اس کی آنکھوں میں شرارت کی لہر ابھر کر بھوؤں کو کمان بنا دیتی اور کمانیں ماتھے پر لطیف شکنیں پیدا کردیتیں۔ اس پر ہونٹوں کے ابھار میں اضافہ اور گالوں کے تھوڑا اٹھ جانے سے اس کا...

بین المذاہب ہم آہنگی اور عصر ی تقاضے : الہامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Inter-Faith Harmony and Contemporary Demands: An Analytical Study in the Light of Divine Teachings Abstract Over the course of time and with the rapid increase in human population need for mutual relations become crucial. Resultantly on behalf of this closeness, separation, anti-standpoints and comparisons also emerged. As the time passed by hatred and hypocrisy and other social vices spread on large scale. Thus human society was waiting for such liberator who may lead and work for the betterment of this society. With the dawn of Islamic civilization all such issues were not only resolved but also provided with a model for containing the difference of opinion and multiple traditions under its unique worldview. Islamic History presents itself as a model where the minorities were provided with the opportunities of participating in political, social, educational and collective affairs. Thus in a society where tyranny, injustice, un-forbearance, religious intensity, terrorism and the activities of violating the human rights were very common, were substituted by the Islamic ideal  of forbearance. It is argued here that the solution of all these issues was only in religion contrary to what is being claimed about an idea of social harmony where religion is not given its due position. Today it’s our dire need to develop a sense of harmony, modesty, affection and peacefulness among the masses of various religions of Pakistani society. It is further argued that for this very noble cause all the religious scholars and their followers can come forward playing their pertinent role. Keywords: Interfaith harmony, present era, divine books, religious personalities, Peace

Phylogenetic Relationships in Apocynaceae Based on Both Nuclear and Plastid Molecular Datasets

The phylogenetic relationships within Apocynaceae were investigated in the present study. In addition trnL-F intron-spacer region and atpB promoter, a part of PHYA exon, a low-copy nuclear gene were sequenced from Apocynaceae. Different taxa of the family were collected from Pakistan and different regions of the world, representing major groups of the family. Separate phylogenetic trees were constructed using trnL-F and PHYA sequences and then combined datasets were used for simultaneous analysis. In the separate trnL-F analyses (comprised of 178 taxa with updated nomenclature) both parsimony and Bayesian, yield a number of stable clades, but placement of tribes (Vinceae, Tabernaemontaneae, Hunterieae and Melodineae) in Rauvolfioideae is uncertain and lack high level of support. A clade comprising Ceropegieae and Marsdenieae receives good support confirming the monophyly of both tribes. The grouping of taxa in Asclepiadeae is not satisfactory to define a subtribal classification. Malagasy Cynanchum group forms a separate clade in both analyses while the monophyly of New World Cynanchineae is not supported here. In the combined phylogenetic analyses, 112 taxa were included representing most major caldes in Apocynaceae. The study confirms that Periplocoideae are nested within Apocynoideae. The APSA clade (Apocynoideae, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae) is strongly supported here, but the crown clade of Apocynaceae (comprised of subfamilies Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae, Periplocoideae and Echiteae, Mesechiteae, Odontadenieae and Apocyneae of Apocynoideae) has only moderate support. The present study places Periplocoideae as part of the sister group to the rest of the crown clade and the tribe Baisseeae emerges as sister group of Secamonoideae-Asclepiadoideae clade. Old World Cynanchinae form a well-supported clade with the New World MOG (Metastelmatinae, Oxypetalinae and Gonolobinae) tribes rather than with the largely Old World Asclepiadinae and Tylophorinae, as suggested by earlier studies. By addition of atpB promoter sequences of Rauvolfioideae’s taxa in combined dataset (trnL-F and PHYA), the inter-generic resolution was not improved in the subfamily. In the present study, resolution among most groups (such as inter-tribal relationships of Asclepiadoideae) is improved in combined analyses as compared to previous phylogenies, based on only plastid regions. However, there is a need to sequence vmore nuclear loci like PHYA from greater number of taxa to further improve relationships in the family.