کتاب بہترین دوست
کتاب ایک بہترین دوست ہے، دوست سے کبھی کبھار دھوکے اور فریب کاری کا امکان رہتا ہے لیکن کتاب کی دوستی سے اس قسم کے امکان کا شائبہ تک نہیں رہتا۔ کیونکہ جو خلوص اور محبت اس نے فراہم کرنی ہے اس میں کسی موقع پر جا کر تبدیلی کی گنجائش یا کمی نہ ہوگی۔ کتاب کی رفاقت ایک ایسی ہم نشینی ہے کہ جو اپنے رفیق کو کبھی خلوت کا شکار نہیں ہونے دے گی۔ یہ اپنے ہم نشین کے دل میں خلوتوں اور تنہائیوں کی وحشت کوختم کر کے محبت و مودت کے شگوفے کھلاتی ہے۔ کتاب کے مطالعہ سے تاریخ عالم لکھنے کا موقع ملتا ہے۔ قوموں کے عروج و زوال سے شناسائی ہوتی ہے۔ قوموں کی معاشی ، روحانی ، اقتصادی اور سیاسی حیات کے خدوخال سے آگاہی حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
تاریخ اسلام اس بات پر شاہد ہے کہ مسلمان کو کتب بینی و مطالعہ میں ہمیشہ ایک امتیازی حیثیت حاصل رہی ہے، اہل اسلام ہمیشہ کتابوں سے محبت کرتے آئے ہیں ، دسمبر کی زمستانی ہوائیں ہوں یا جون کی تڑپادینے والی دھوپ، وقت عصر ہو یا رات کا پچھلا پہر،تدریسی اسباق کی تیاری ہو یا سفر آخرت کی تیاری، کتب ہائے خیر سے ذی شعور اور ذی فہم و فراست افراد کی دوستی مثالی رہی ہے۔ کتاب سے دوستی مرادعلم دوستی ہوتی ہے او ر علم دوست انسان گلستانِ ہستی کے رنگا رنگ پھول ، صحت مند معاشرے کے ماتھے کا جھومر، بیمار انسانیت کے مسیحا، مرغِ بسمل کی طرح تڑپنے والے لوگوں کے لیے رافت و رحمت اور جہالت کے بحر بیکراں میں ہچکولے کھاتی ہوئی ناؤ کے ناخدا ہوتے ہیں۔
کتاب سے دوستی جینے کا ڈھنگ سکھاتی ہے۔ کتاب سے دوستی قوموں کی زندگی کے نشیب و فراز سے آگاہی کرتی ہے۔ ایک اچھی کتاب انسان...
The day to day interaction amongst people plav a key role in shaping of a person's social character and persona. Indeed Qur’an and Hadith have treasured guidance regarding the social life of man - as to groom and equip mankind to lead a positive and constructive social life in an Islamic society sociology as a discipline of knowledge borrows its roots and furnishing from the five pillars of Islam. They strengthen a man's character inwardly and outwardly - so as to allow a man to lead a peaceful and prosperous life. Islam and the principles of Qur’an advocate a social life that keeps its balance between the material and the spiritual aspect of life. It furnishes man with such qualities that he is not only successful in this life but in hereafter as well. This article is an effort to probe the sociological perspective of Islamic teachings - and its impact upon a man's social life
Research on enzyme inhibitors has an enormous potential to introduce new drug candidates against enzyme related diseases. Keeping this in view, present study was designed to identify natural and synthetic compounds as leads against two clinically important enzymes, carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) have pathological roles in the emergence of number of diseases, particularly glaucoma and diabetes, respectively. The results of the study are summarized below: PART A CA-II is an important enzyme for many physiological processes. Inhibitors of CA-II are used for the treatment of many diseases, such as epilepsy, mountain sickness, and glaucoma. During this study, over 350 fully characterized compounds were evaluated against BCA-II enzyme. Out of which 58 compounds showed a good inhibitory activity. Among these compounds, bisindoles and thiourea derivatives of bisindolyl showed the most significant activity with IC50 values in the range of 14.4 – 70.36 μM. To study the mechanism of action of inhibitors, most active inhibitors of these classes were further subjected to kinetic studies. Inhibition constants and type of inhibition were deduced by using Lineweaver-Burk plot, secondary re-plot of Lineweaver-Burk plot, and Dixon plot. Inhibition type and dissociation constants were deduced by Lineweaver-Burk plot, secondary re-plot, and Dixon plot. Bisindole derivatives, such as 23 (N-(4-(bis(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)phenyl)-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide), 28 (N-(4-(bis(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)phenyl)-3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide), and 38 (N-(4- (bis(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)phenyl)-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide) showed a significant inhibition of enzyme CA-II (IC50 = 15.6 – 28.86 μM). To assess their safety profile, cytotoxic studies were conducted on mouse fibroblast cell line (3T3). Fortunately some of the good active compounds were found non-cytotoxic, and thus can serve as leads for further studies on CA inhibitor drug design and development. PART B Epidemic prevalence of diabetes at national and global level emphasizes the need of urgent therapeutic intervention. In the second part of our work, we targeted an important enzyme of incretin pathway, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). Inhibitors of DPP-IV occupy center stage in the current anti-diabetic drug market. We screened over 1,800 fully characterized natural and synthetic compounds, through a mechanism-based colorimetric assay. This led to the identification of 87 new inhibitors. Significant inhibition was shown by the compounds of semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazone, benzophenone Schiff bases classes, and gold complexes. New inhibitors, identified through initial screening, were further subjected to mechanism-based kinetic studies. Lineweaver-Burk plot, secondary re-plot of Lineweaver-Burk plot, and Dixon plots were constructed to determine the type of inhibition, inhibition constant, and other kinetic parameters. Cytotoxic studies of active compounds were also conducted on mouse fibroblast cell line (3T3). Some potent inhibitors were also subjected to in situ DPP-IV inhibition assay by using Caco-2 cellular model. Synthetic compounds of different classes and Gold complexes were found to be active. Compounds (R)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo [d] imidazo[2,1-b] thiazole gold (I) triphenylphosphine tetrafluoro borate (204), (S)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazo [2,1-b]thiazole gold (I) triphenylphosphine tetrafluoro borate (207), and (S)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d] imidazo [2,1-b] thiazole gold (I) chloride (209) were identified as most potent inhibitors with IC50 values in the range of 22.0 – 35.6 μM. Earlier studies on DPP-IV inhibitors were restricted to selected number of compounds with limited structural variations. Present study presents comprehensive screening of different classes of synthetic compounds for the discovery of new inhibitors of DPP-IV. This is a cost effective, easy, reliable, and fast approach for the discovery of new drug candidates.