دور حاضر میں کرنسیوں کے ادھار خرید و فروخت کا شرعی جائزہ

Foreign Exchange trading is when you buy and sell foreign currencies to generate profit. In our age of advance technology even the virtual or digital currencies have now emerged. This entire business however is mostly based upon speculation and prediction. Even the most skilled and experienced traders face difficulty in predicting movements in currencies. Further, the value of not well established currencies can fluctuate or its exchange rate value can change any time. In view of occupying central place in the economic systems down the ages, Muslim scholars have also vehemently discussed currency, its significanc and matters relating to it in transactions. The present article reviews trading of foreign currencies from Islamic perspective in a situation when no cash is involved in the transaction. The article concludes that as the currencies in such transactions are different commodities, therefore their trade is legal.

Prevalence of Postpartum Depression Using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Background: Postpartum depression is an illness that affects 10-20% of mothers following delivery; the impact it has on the family, partner and the new born baby is significant. There are insufficient data in Kenya as its rate and severity hence the impact is unknown. Screening could allow earlier treatment of these mothers and prevent the long term effects on the family. Objectives: The primary objective was to identify the prevalence of postpartum depression at the Aga Khan University Hospital and to identify associations between participant’s socio demographics and depression. Methods: Cross sectional study to screen postpartum women six weeks after delivery using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Participants were recruited using consecutive sampling from the postpartum clinics, six weeks after delivery at the Aga Khan University Hospital from October 2010 to May 2011. Analysis: Point estimate of the disorder using results from the screening tool and the identification of patient characteristics potentially associated with the disorder. Results: 195 participants were recruited, 181 were eligible for analysis in whom a prevalence of 13.8% (95% CI: 8.8 to 18.8) was estimated. Among the patient characteristics assessed for potential associations; the neonatal sex reached statistical significance with a P value of 0.014. Conclusion & recommendations: The prevalence of postpartum depression is 13.8% among women at the Aga Khan university Hospital postpartum clinic. We therefore recommend the introduction of regular screening to identify affected mothers to avert the adverse effects that may be associated with the condition.